Django_ 学员管理后台系统开发

1.初始化环境

我这边用的是 pycharm，选择 Django，新建一个虚拟环境。如下图所示

等待一丢丢会，项目初始化成功

在命令行中执行 python，可以看到已经是 python3.7 了

项目结构如下：

.
├── manage.py # python命令管理
├── student # 项目配置相关
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── settings.py # 配置项
│   ├── urls.py # 路由规则
│   └── wsgi.py # Web Server Gateway Interface
└── templates # 模版
​

2.创建一个应用 student_sys

使用 manage 创建一个 app

python manage.py startapp student_sys

这时候我们的项目结构已经发生了变化

.
├── manage.py
├── student
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── __pycache__
│   │   ├── __init__.cpython-37.pyc
│   │   └── settings.cpython-37.pyc
│   ├── settings.py
│   ├── urls.py
│   └── wsgi.py
├── student_sys
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── admin.py
│   ├── apps.py
│   ├── migrations
│   │   └── __init__.py
│   ├── models.py
│   ├── tests.py
│   └── views.py
└── templates
​

下面就开始扣代码吧 ，"cheat is cheaper，show me code"

ok,let`s go!

编写代码

model.py

修改 model，定义相关的字段。这边是用的 python3.7，如果你用 python2 版本的需要加上相关编码声明

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class Student(models.Model):

SEX_ITEMS = [

(1, 'boy'),

(2, 'girl'),

(0, 'unknow'),

]

STATUS_ITEMS = [

(0, 'apply'),

(1, 'pass'),

(2, 'refuse')

]

name = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name='name')

sex = models.IntegerField(choices=SEX_ITEMS, verbose_name='sex')

profession = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name='job')

email = models.EmailField(verbose_name='email')

qq = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name='QQ')

phone = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name='phone')

status = models.IntegerField(choices=STATUS_ITEMS, default=0, verbose_name='check_status')

created_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, editable=False, verbose_name='created_time')

def __str__(self):

return '<Student: {}>'.format(self.name)

class Meta:

verbose_name = verbose_name_plural = 'student_info'

​

admin.py

from django.contrib import admin

# Register your models here.

from .models import Student

class StudentAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

list_display = ('id', 'name', 'sex', 'profession',

'email', 'qq', 'phone', 'status',

'created_time'

)

list_filter = ('name', 'status', 'created_time')

search_fields = ('name', 'profession')

fieldsets = (

(None, {

'fields': (

'name',

('sex', 'profession'),

('email', 'qq', 'phone'),

'status'

)

}),

)

admin.site.register(Student, StudentAdmin)

​

settings.py

添加 student 到 INSTALLED_APPS

INSTALLED_APPS = [

'student',

'django.contrib.admin',

'django.contrib.auth',

'django.contrib.contenttypes',

'django.contrib.sessions',

'django.contrib.messages',

'django.contrib.staticfiles',

]

.....

​

迁移创建表

在包含 manage.py 那一级目录下执行

python manage.py makemigrations

python manage.py migrate

# 迁移创建表，输出如下

Operations to perform:

Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions

Running migrations:

Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK

Applying auth.0001_initial... OK

Applying admin.0001_initial... OK

Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK

Applying admin.0003_logentry_add_action_flag_choices... OK

Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK

Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK

Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK

Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK

Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK

Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK

Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK

Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK

Applying auth.0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length... OK

Applying auth.0010_alter_group_name_max_length... OK

Applying auth.0011_update_proxy_permissions... OK

Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK

​

创建后台用户

python manage.py createsuperuser

到这里我们简单的管理后台就写完了

启动访问

python manage.py runserver 8000

今天就到这里，下面的功能后面在实现