mongoose 更新数据发生冲突 MongoError: Performing an update on the path '_id' would modify the immutable field '_id'

使用 Node.js 库 mongoose 操作 MongoDB 遇到的问题

报错日志

MongoError: Performing an update on the path '_id' would modify the immutable field '_id'  
 at Connection.<anonymous> (D:\Joey\dev\LocalLibrary\node_modules\mongodb\lib\core\connection\pool.js:460:61)  
 at Connection.emit (events.js:198:13)  
 at processMessage (D:\Joey\dev\LocalLibrary\node_modules\mongodb\lib\core\connection\connection.js:368:10)  
 at Socket.<anonymous> (D:\Joey\dev\vscode\LocalLibrary\node_modules\mongodb\lib\core\connection\connection.js:537:15)  
 at Socket.emit (events.js:198:13)  
 at addChunk (_stream_readable.js:288:12)  
 at readableAddChunk (_stream_readable.js:269:11)  
 at Socket.Readable.push (_stream_readable.js:224:10)  
 at TCP.onStreamRead [as onread] (internal/stream_base_commons.js:94:17)  
​

依赖版本

"mongoose": "^5.7.13"

调试代码

   const book = new Book({
      title: req.body.title,
      author: req.body.author,
      summary: req.body.summary,
      isbn: req.body.isbn,
      genre: (typeof req.body.genre === 'undefined') ? [] : req.body.genre
    })

    console.log('----->', book)

    console.log('id------->', req.params.id)

    Book.findByIdAndUpdate(req.params.id, book, {}, function (err, thebook) {
      if (err) { return next(err) }
      res.redirect(thebook.url)
    })
​

输出

book-----> { genre: [ 5de4ef45e8e406006434529c, 5de4ef45e8e406006434529e ],
  _id: 5de6527468794d2c9ccabadf,
  title: '朝花夕拾',
  author: 5de4ef45e8e40600643452a1,
  summary:
   '本书是一本具有鲜明的个性色彩的散文集。适性任隋、洒脱不羁，想说就说，想骂就骂，心中的种种爱憎悲
欢，任其在笔下自然流泻。抒情、叙事和议论融为一体，优美和谐，朴实感人。',
  isbn: '9787514370829' }
id-------> 5de4ef45e8e40600643452a7                                                    
  
​

在创建 Book 之后就有了 _id 字段，不知是怎么来的，与更新目标的 _id 字段不一致，而该字段是不可修改的，因此操作失败

解决办法：

创建 Book 的时候把要更新的文档的 _id 塞进去

    const book = new Book({
      _id: req.params.id,
      title: req.body.title,
      author: req.body.author,
      summary: req.body.summary,
      isbn: req.body.isbn,
      genre: (typeof req.body.genre === 'undefined') ? [] : req.body.genre
    })
​