自建 vpn
需求:直接替换阿里云购买的 SSL VPN,硬刚……
openvpn 版本:2.4.9-1.el7
ease-rsa 版本:3.0.7-1.el7
openvpn-auth-ldap 版本:2.0.3-17.el7
搭建过程
- 安装 openvpn 和 easy-rsa
yum install -y openvpn easy-rsa
- 创建 easy-rsa key 的存放位置
mkdir -p /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys
- 复制相关文件至 Openvpn 目录
cp /usr/share/doc/openvpn-2.4.9/sample/sample-config-files/server.conf /etc/openvpn cp -rf /usr/share/easy-rsa/3.0/* /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/ cp /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/openssl-easyrsa.cnf /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/openssl.cnf
- 生成 tls-auth 文件
openvpn --genkey --secret /etc/openvpn/ta.key
- 创建 CA,并设置密码:
[root@cjz openvpn]# cd /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/ [root@cjz easy-rsa]# ./easyrsa init-pki init-pki complete; you may now create a CA or requests. Your newly created PKI dir is: /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/pki [root@cjz easy-rsa]# ./easyrsa build-ca Using SSL: openssl OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips 26 Jan 2017 Enter New CA Key Passphrase: #在此要输入ca的密码:(ca.com),需要输入两次。 Re-Enter New CA Key Passphrase: Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus ........+++ ..+++ e is 65537 (0x10001) You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- Common Name (eg: your user, host, or server name) [Easy-RSA CA]:limikeji #此处要输入组织:(Open××× CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY) CA creation complete and you may now import and sign cert requests. Your new CA certificate file for publishing is at: /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/pki/ca.crt
- 创建服务端证书,生成请求,使用 gen-req 来生成 req
[root@cjz easy-rsa]# ./easyrsa gen-req cjzshilong Using SSL: openssl OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips 26 Jan 2017 Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key ............+++ ..........................................................+++ writing new private key to '/etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/pki/easy-rsa-1945.QkcdZs/tmp.plZnLa' Enter PEM pass phrase: Verifying - Enter PEM pass phrase: ----- You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- Common Name (eg: your user, host, or server name) [cjzshilong]: Keypair and certificate request completed. Your files are: req: /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/pki/reqs/cjzshilong.req key: /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/pki/private/cjzshilong.key
- 签发证书,签约服务端证书
[root@cjz easy-rsa]# ./easyrsa sign-req server cjzshilong Using SSL: openssl OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips 26 Jan 2017 You are about to sign the following certificate. Please check over the details shown below for accuracy. Note that this request has not been cryptographically verified. Please be sure it came from a trusted source or that you have verified the request checksum with the sender. Request subject, to be signed as a server certificate for 825 days: subject= commonName = cjzshilong Type the word 'yes' to continue, or any other input to abort. Confirm request details: yes Using configuration from /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/pki/easy-rsa-1972.yu5li8/tmp.z0dO8n Enter pass phrase for /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/pki/private/ca.key: Check that the request matches the signature Signature ok The Subject's Distinguished Name is as follows commonName :ASN.1 12:'cjzshilong' Certificate is to be certified until Aug 23 02:29:57 2022 GMT (825 days) Write out database with 1 new entries Data Base Updated Certificate created at: /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/pki/issued/cjzshilong.crt
- 生成 Windows 客户端 test 用户
[root@cjz easy-rsa]# ./easyrsa build-client-full test Using SSL: openssl OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips 26 Jan 2017 Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key ................................................................+++ .........+++ writing new private key to '/etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/pki/easy-rsa-2119.2QIQRw/tmp.k6ehaI' Enter PEM pass phrase: Verifying - Enter PEM pass phrase: ----- Using configuration from /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/pki/easy-rsa-2119.2QIQRw/tmp.nFtxKF Enter pass phrase for /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/pki/private/ca.key: Check that the request matches the signature Signature ok The Subject's Distinguished Name is as follows commonName :ASN.1 12:'test' Certificate is to be certified until Aug 23 02:33:16 2022 GMT (825 days) Write out database with 1 new entries Data Base Updated
注:生成客户端用户的时候会提示设置密码,可以直接回车密码为空,也可以输入密码,待客户端连接时需要输入密码。
- 查看客户端证书存放路径:
ls -l /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/pki/issued/test.crt ls -l /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/pki/private/test.key
- 配置 sysctl.com 文件
vim /etc/sysctl.conf
在末尾加入:net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
最后执行:
[root@cjz easy-rsa]# sysctl -p
- 配置 /etc/openvpn/server.conf
port 1194 #端口:1194 proto udp #协议使用:UDP dev tun ca /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/pki/ca.crt #此处配置的是绝对路径 cert /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/pki/issued/limikeji-sa.crt key /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/pki/private/limikeji-sa.key # This file should be kept secret dh /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/pki/dh.pem server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 #内网服务器虚拟地址 ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt push "route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0" push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" #使客户端所有网络通信通过vpn push "dhcp-option DNS 223.5.5.5" #配置DNS push "dhcp-option DNS 114.114.114.114" keepalive 10 120 tls-auth /etc/openvpn/ta.key 0 # This file is secret cipher AES-256-CBC comp-lzo max-clients 100 # 最大客户端连接数量 user openvpn group openvpn persist-key persist-tun status openvpn-status.log # 状态日志 log-append /var/log/openvpn/openvpn.log # 开启OpenVpn日志 verb 3 mute 20 explicit-exit-notify 1
- 启动 openvpn
systemctl start openvpn@server
- 查看状态:
[root@cjz ~]# ps -aux | grep openvpn openvpn 11941 0.0 0.1 77636 4940 ? Ss May19 0:01 /usr/sbin/openvpn --cd /etc/openvpn/ --config server.conf root 12992 0.0 0.0 112708 988 pts/2 S+ 10:44 0:00 grep --color=auto openvpn
查看安装 openvpn 后的网卡状态:
[root@cjz ~]# ip a 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:16:3e:10:39:70 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.16.16.55/24 brd 172.16.16.255 scope global dynamic eth0 valid_lft 315295137sec preferred_lft 315295137sec 8: tun0: <POINTOPOINT,MULTICAST,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN group default qlen 100 link/none inet 10.8.0.1 peer 10.8.0.2/32 scope global tun0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
客户端安装连接
windows 64 位的 openvpn 版本为:2.4.9 可以从官网上下载
下载链接:https://openvpn.net/community-downloads/
- 客户端需要的证书文件:
tese.crt test.key ca.crt ta.key
- 创建一个存放客户端证书的文件夹,然后将客户端的证书下载到本地电脑
[root@cjz ~]# cd /etc/openvpn/client/ [root@cjz client]# ll total 20 -rw------- 1 root root 1159 May 19 18:22 ca.crt -rw------- 1 root root 636 May 19 18:22 ta.key -rw------- 1 root root 4418 May 19 18:22 test.crt -rw------- 1 root root 1834 May 19 18:22 test.key
- 复制完成后,将客户端正在下载到本地电脑,在此不详细描述。
然后需要在本地电脑上创建客户端配置文件:config.ovpn ,具体配置信息如下:
client dev tun proto udp resolv-retry infinite nobind remote 182.x.x.141 1194 #此处要更换成出口的公网IP地址 ns-cert-type server comp-lzo ca ca.crt cert test01.crt key test01.key tls-auth ta.key 1 keepalive 10 120 persist-key persist-tun verb 5 redirect-gateway route-method exe route-delay 2 status test01-status.log log-append test01.log
安装 Openvpn 2.4.9 x86_64 后,需要找到客户端安装目录下的 config 文件夹,清空 config 文件夹,然后将客户端证书和客户端配置文件复制到 config 文件夹下
直接对标阿里云 SSL VPN

其他
- 如果生成证书时输错密码了(如 test 用户),报出如下错误:
需要删除以为文件后,可继续创建
[root@cjz easy-rsa]# rm -f /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/pki/reqs/test01.req [root@cjz easy-rsa]# rm -f /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/pki/private/test01.key
- 撤销证书(test 为例)
撤销命令:revoke
./easyrsa revoke test
生成 CRL 文件(撤销证书的列表)
./easyrsa gen-crl
重启 Openvpn 服务生效
systemctl stop openvpn@server systemctl start openvpn@server
- 防火墙开放 1194 端口,阿里云需要在 ESC 的安全组中添加策略,开放 1194 端口。要不然映射后也访问不了(同时如果为了访问其他网段的机器,需要在专有网络中添加路由)
- 如果连接 OpenVPN 没问题的话,但是访问 Internet 却不行,这是需要开启虚拟网段进行 nat 转发
-
#开启NAT转发 iptables -I FORWARD -j ACCEPT ###开启所有转发 iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
OpenVPN 集成 LDAP
OpenVPN 服务端集成的 OpenLDAP 认证,这样能够使客户端用户在连接 VPN 时直接使用统一的 OpenLDAP 账号
安装 openvpn-auth-ldap
yum install openvpn-auth-ldap -y
主要会安装 /usr/lib64/openvpn/plugin/lib/openvpn-auth-ldap.so
文件,和生成 /etc/openvpn/auth/ldap.conf
文件。
配置 vim /etc/openvpn/auth/ldap.conf
<LDAP> URL ldap://172.16.16.4:389 BindDN cn=manager,dc=limikeji,dc=com Password limikeji.com Timeout 15 TLSEnable no FollowReferrals no </LDAP> <Authorization> BaseDN "dc=limikeji,dc=com" SearchFilter "uid=%u" RequireGroup false <Group> BaseDN "ou=group,dc=limikeji,dc=com" SearchFilter "cn=chanpinyanfabu" MemberAttribute uniqueMember </Group> </Authorization>
注意上面的 ldap.conf 中如果设置
RequireGroup true
以及 Group 的配置实际我们期望是必须是 LDAP 中的名称为 vpn 的组下的用户才可以登录 VPN。但根据这个 ISSUE,当前 2.0.3 的 openvpn-auth-ldap 不支持。因此如果只想限制 LDAP 中某些用户可以使用 VPN 的话,只能设置RequireGroup fals
,然后可以在 SearchFilter 中做一些文章,比如(&(uid=%u)(ou=vpn))即只有用户的 ou 字段为(vpn)的才可以。
配置 /etc/openvpn/server.conf,添加如下:
... plugin /usr/lib64/openvpn/plugin/lib/openvpn-auth-ldap.so "/etc/openvpn/auth/ldap.conf" client-cert-not-required ...
- 使用了上面安装的 openvpn-auth-ldap 认证插件
client-cert-not-requir
不再需要客户端证书,将改为使用 OpenLDAP 中的用户认证
客户端配置:
client dev tun proto udp resolv-retry infinite nobind remote 182.x.x.141 1194 #此处要更换成出口的公网IP地址 ns-cert-type server comp-lzo ca ca.crt ;cert test01.crt ;key test01.key tls-auth ta.key 1 keepalive 10 120 persist-key persist-tun verb 5 auth-user-pass redirect-gateway route-method exe route-delay 2 status OpenVpnClient-status.log log-append test01.log
- 上面的配置注释掉了
cert client.crt
和;key client.key
不再需要客户端证书 client.crt 和秘钥 client.key ns-cert-type server
和auth-user-pass
是新加入的配置开启了用户名密码认证
此时集成 LDAP 的 OpenVPN 客户端认证文件目录如下:
配置参考 :
- http://majinlei.com/2018/11/04/Centos7-2-OpenVPN-2-4-4-easy-rsa-3-0-%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E6%90%AD%E5%BB%BA%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B/
- https://i4t.com/4481.html
- https://open.weave.pub/install_openvpn
- https://blog.frognew.com/2017/09/openvpn-integration-ldap.html
LDAP 配置参考:😍
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