centos 软件安装 -oracle

1.准备工作

1.1.修改 DNS

vi /etc/resolv.conf

nameserver 114.114.114.114

1.2.安装 wget

curl http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo >> /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

yum clean all

yum makecache

yum install wget

1.3.下载 oracle

mkdir -p /home/soft/oracle

cd /home/soft
下载文件到这

下载地址去官网点下载后查看, 因为 AuthParam 的值会失效, 得用最新的链接

wget -b -c --http-user=XXX --http-password=XXX --output-document=linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip "[https://download.oracle.com/otn/linux/oracle11g/R2/linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip?AuthParam=1564022768_ea88d208bc292327a1218af0de65371a](https://download.oracle.com/otn/linux/oracle11g/R2/linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip?AuthParam=1564022768_ea88d208bc292327a1218af0de65371a)"

wget -b -c --http-user=XXX --http-password=XXX --output-document=linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip "[http://download.oracle.com/otn/linux/oracle11g/R2/linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip?AuthParam=1564016926_ab61e9a6581154e7c522f0c89affb295](http://download.oracle.com/otn/linux/oracle11g/R2/linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip?AuthParam=1564016926_ab61e9a6581154e7c522f0c89affb295)"

2.安装依赖

yum -y install elfutils-libelf expat glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel pdksh gcc make binutils gcc-c++ compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf-devel elfutils-libelf-devel-static ksh libaio libaio-devel numactl-devel sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pcre-devel libXext.i686 libXext

3.修改 hosts

vi /etc/hosts

添加本地 ip(XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX 改为你服务器的 ip)

XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX centos-oracle

4.关闭防火墙及 SELinux

systemctl stop firewalld.service

systemctl disable firewalld.service

setenforce 0

5.新建 oracle 用户

groupadd oinstall;groupadd dba;useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle

passwd oracle

6.修改内核参数

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

添加

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 1073741824

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

保存后执行

sysctl -p

7.修改用户限制文件

vi /etc/security/limits.conf

添加

oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

oracle soft stack 10240

8.修改登陆验证配置文件

vi /etc/pam.d/login

添加

session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so

session required pam_limits.so

9.修改 profile

vi /etc/profile

添加

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
      ulimit -p 16384
      ulimit -n 65536
else
      ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
​

保存后执行
source /etc/profile

10.创建安装目录

mkdir -p /home/soft/app/oracle/product/11.2.0

mkdir /home/soft/app/oracle/oradata

mkdir /home/soft/app/oracle/inventory

mkdir /home/soft/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area

chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/soft/app/oracle

chmod -R 775 /home/soft/app/oracle

11.设置 oracle 用户环境变量

su - oracle

vi .bash_profile

添加

ORACLE_BASE=/home/soft/app/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0

ORACLE_SID=orcl

PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH

保存后执行

source .bash_profile

12.解压安装包

su - root

cd /home/soft

unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /home/soft/oracle/

unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /home/soft/oracle/

13.编辑安装响应文件

cd /home/soft/oracle/database/response/

cp -a db_install.rsp db_install.rsp.bak

vi db_install.rsp

14.修改相应位置配置

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY

ORACLE_HOSTNAME=centos-oracle

UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall

INVENTORY_LOCATION=/home/soft/app/oracle/inventory

SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN

ORACLE_HOME=/home/soft/app/oracle/product/11.2.0

ORACLE_BASE=/home/soft/app/oracle

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE

oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba

DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

15.静默安装

su - oracle

cd /home/soft/oracle/database

./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -ignoreSysPrereqs -responseFile /home/soft/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp

tail -f /home/soft/app/oracle/inventory/logs/installActions2019-07-25_12-04-19PM.log

安装完成，提示 Successfully Setup Software.

su - root

sh /home/soft/app/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh

sh /home/soft/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh

16.配置监听

su - oracle

export DISPLAY=localhost:0.0

netca -silent -responseFile /home/soft/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp

netstat -tnulp | grep 1521

17.静默创建数据库

su - root

vi /home/soft/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp

修改相应位置配置

GDBNAME = "orcl"

SID = "orcl"

SYSPASSWORD = "oracle"

SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle"

SYSMANPASSWORD = "oracle"

DBSNMPPASSWORD = "oracle"

DATAFILEDESTINATION =/home/soft/app/oracle/oradata

RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/home/soft/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area

CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"

TOTALMEMORY = "1638"

保存后执行

su - oracle

dbca -silent -sysPassword oracle -systemPassword oracle -responseFile /home/soft/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp

18.检查安装情况

lsnrctl status

sqlplus / as sysdba

select * from v$database;

19.手动启动

su - oracle

cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin

./lsnrctl

start

ctrl+c

sqlplus / as sysdba

startup

20.常见错误

oracle ORA-12514:TNS:listener does not currently know of service requested in connect descriptor

问题原因：数据库实例没注册到 listener

解决方法：

su - oracle

cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin

vim listener.ora

在 listener.ora 里面添加了一行

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
    (SID_LIST =
        (SID_DESC =
            (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
            (SID_NAME = orcl)
        )
    )
​