前言
最近遇到了项目需求,需要从 mysql 中导出数据为 csv 文件,再从 csv 文件中读取数据保存到 mysql。经过检索分析,决定使用 opencsv 实现需求。
本需求可以分为四部分:
- mysql 数据转换为 java 对象。
- java 对象转换为 csv 文件。
- csv 文件转换为 java 对象。
- java 对象映射保存到 mysql 中。
其中 1, 4 两步是我们熟悉的增删改查,不必多说。需要解决的是 2, 3 两步,下面给出 2, 3 两步的示例代码。
依赖
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.opencsv/opencsv -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.opencsv</groupId>
<artifactId>opencsv</artifactId>
<version>4.6</version>
</dependency>
<!--lombok-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.12</version>
</dependency>
代码
实体类 Person(使用了 lombok 依赖)
三个 lombok 注解必须加,如果未使用 lombok,请在此实体类加 setter & getter,全参构造方法,无参构造方法。
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Person {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Integer age;
}
writeCsv
public void writeCsv(List<Person> dataList, String finalPath) {
try {
Writer writer = new FileWriter(finalPath);
// 设置显示的顺序
String[] columnMapping = {"id", "name", "age"};
ColumnPositionMappingStrategy<Person> mapper =
new ColumnPositionMappingStrategy<>();
mapper.setType(Person.class);
mapper.setColumnMapping(columnMapping);
// 写表头
CSVWriter csvWriter = new CSVWriter(writer, CSVWriter.DEFAULT_SEPARATOR, CSVWriter.NO_QUOTE_CHARACTER, '\\', "\n");
String[] header = { "编号", "姓名", "年龄"};
csvWriter.writeNext(header);
StatefulBeanToCsv beanToCsv = new StatefulBeanToCsvBuilder(writer)
.withMappingStrategy(mapper)
.withQuotechar(CSVWriter.NO_QUOTE_CHARACTER)
.withSeparator(CSVWriter.DEFAULT_SEPARATOR)
.withEscapechar('\\')
.build();
beanToCsv.write(dataList);
csvWriter.close();
writer.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (CsvDataTypeMismatchException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (CsvRequiredFieldEmptyException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(finalPath + "数据导出成功");
}
readCsv
public void readCsv(String finalPath) {
try {
Reader reader = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(finalPath), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
CSVReader csvReader = new CSVReaderBuilder(reader).build();
// 列名的映射
HeaderColumnNameTranslateMappingStrategy<Person> strategy =
new HeaderColumnNameTranslateMappingStrategy<>();
strategy.setType(Person.class);
Map<String, String> columnMapping = new HashMap<>();
columnMapping.put("编号", "id");
columnMapping.put("姓名", "name");
columnMapping.put("年龄", "age");
strategy.setColumnMapping(columnMapping);
CsvToBean<Person> csvToBean = new CsvToBeanBuilder(csvReader)
.withSeparator(CSVWriter.DEFAULT_SEPARATOR)
.withQuoteChar(CSVWriter.NO_QUOTE_CHARACTER)
.withMappingStrategy(strategy)
.build();
List<Person> list = csvToBean.parse();
for (Person p : list) {
System.out.println(p.toString());
}
csvReader.close();
reader.close();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
测试类的方法(maven 项目结构中的测试类)
finalPath 是绝对路径 + 文件名,请确保欲生成的文件所在目录已创建好。
@Test
void writeCsv() {
// test data
Person person0 = new Person(11, "钱多多", 18);
Person person1 = new Person(22, "王多鱼", 19);
Person person2 = new Person(33, "喜羊羊", 20);
List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<>();
personList.add(person0);
personList.add(person1);
personList.add(person2);
String finalPath = "/Users/qianshijie/Temporary/skycomm/devsyn/test.csv";
personService.writeCsv(personList, finalPath);
}
@Test
void readCsv() {
String finalPath = "/Users/qianshijie/Temporary/skycomm/devsyn/test.csv";
personService.readCsv(finalPath);
}
运行结果
根据 java 对象生成 csv 文件成功:
生成的 csv 文件(可使用 vim 查看,使用 excel 打开 csv 文件会自动转换为表格):
读取 csv 文件转换为 java 对象 成功:
One More Thing
上述方法中,csv 文件的列名均已被替换(已不是实体类的属性名)。如果想让生成的 csv 文件列名和实体类属性名保持一致。请使用如下代码(只列举有变化的代码,未列出则代码无变动,变动已将原代码注释,以供对比):
writeCsv
public void writeCsv(List<Person> dataList, String finalPath) {
try {
Writer writer = new FileWriter(finalPath);
// 设置显示的顺序
String[] columnMapping = {"id", "name", "age"};
ColumnPositionMappingStrategy<Person> mapper =
new ColumnPositionMappingStrategy<>();
mapper.setType(Person.class);
mapper.setColumnMapping(columnMapping);
// 写表头
CSVWriter csvWriter = new CSVWriter(writer, CSVWriter.DEFAULT_SEPARATOR, CSVWriter.NO_QUOTE_CHARACTER, '\\', "\n");
// String[] header = { "编号", "姓名", "年龄"};
String[] header = { "id", "name", "age"};
csvWriter.writeNext(header);
StatefulBeanToCsv beanToCsv = new StatefulBeanToCsvBuilder(writer)
.withMappingStrategy(mapper)
.withQuotechar(CSVWriter.NO_QUOTE_CHARACTER)
.withSeparator(CSVWriter.DEFAULT_SEPARATOR)
.withEscapechar('\\')
.build();
beanToCsv.write(dataList);
csvWriter.close();
writer.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (CsvDataTypeMismatchException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (CsvRequiredFieldEmptyException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(finalPath + "数据导出成功");
}
readCsv
public void readCsv(String finalPath) {
try {
Reader reader = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(finalPath), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
CSVReader csvReader = new CSVReaderBuilder(reader).build();
// 列名的映射
// HeaderColumnNameTranslateMappingStrategy<Person> strategy =
// new HeaderColumnNameTranslateMappingStrategy<>();
// strategy.setType(Person.class);
// Map<String, String> columnMapping = new HashMap<>();
// columnMapping.put("编号", "id");
// columnMapping.put("姓名", "name");
// columnMapping.put("年龄", "age");
// strategy.setColumnMapping(columnMapping);
CsvToBean<Person> csvToBean = new CsvToBeanBuilder<Person>(csvReader)
.withSeparator(CSVWriter.DEFAULT_SEPARATOR)
.withQuoteChar(CSVWriter.NO_QUOTE_CHARACTER)
// .withMappingStrategy(strategy)
.withType(Person.class)
.build();
List<Person> list = csvToBean.parse();
for (Person p : list) {
System.out.println(p.toString());
}
csvReader.close();
reader.close();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
生成的 csv 文件
csv 文件读写均可正常运行。
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