使用 opencsv 读写 csv 文件(结合 mysql)

本贴最后更新于 1503 天前,其中的信息可能已经天翻地覆

前言

最近遇到了项目需求,需要从 mysql 中导出数据为 csv 文件,再从 csv 文件中读取数据保存到 mysql。经过检索分析,决定使用 opencsv 实现需求。

本需求可以分为四部分:

  1. mysql 数据转换为 java 对象。
  2. java 对象转换为 csv 文件。
  3. csv 文件转换为 java 对象。
  4. java 对象映射保存到 mysql 中。

其中 1, 4 两步是我们熟悉的增删改查,不必多说。需要解决的是 2, 3 两步,下面给出 2, 3 两步的示例代码。

依赖

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.opencsv/opencsv -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.opencsv</groupId>
    <artifactId>opencsv</artifactId>
    <version>4.6</version>
</dependency>

<!--lombok-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
    <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
    <version>1.18.12</version>
</dependency> 

代码

实体类 Person(使用了 lombok 依赖)

三个 lombok 注解必须加,如果未使用 lombok,请在此实体类加 setter & getter,全参构造方法,无参构造方法。

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Person {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
}

writeCsv

public void writeCsv(List<Person> dataList, String finalPath) {
    try {
        Writer writer = new FileWriter(finalPath);

        // 设置显示的顺序
        String[] columnMapping = {"id", "name", "age"};
        ColumnPositionMappingStrategy<Person> mapper =
            new ColumnPositionMappingStrategy<>();
        mapper.setType(Person.class);
        mapper.setColumnMapping(columnMapping);

        // 写表头
        CSVWriter csvWriter = new CSVWriter(writer, CSVWriter.DEFAULT_SEPARATOR, CSVWriter.NO_QUOTE_CHARACTER, '\\', "\n");
        String[] header = { "编号", "姓名", "年龄"};
        csvWriter.writeNext(header);

        StatefulBeanToCsv beanToCsv = new StatefulBeanToCsvBuilder(writer)
            .withMappingStrategy(mapper)
            .withQuotechar(CSVWriter.NO_QUOTE_CHARACTER)
            .withSeparator(CSVWriter.DEFAULT_SEPARATOR)
            .withEscapechar('\\')
            .build();
        beanToCsv.write(dataList);
        csvWriter.close();
        writer.close();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (CsvDataTypeMismatchException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (CsvRequiredFieldEmptyException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    System.out.println(finalPath + "数据导出成功");
}

readCsv

public void readCsv(String finalPath) {
    try {
        Reader reader = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(finalPath), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
        CSVReader csvReader = new CSVReaderBuilder(reader).build();

        // 列名的映射
        HeaderColumnNameTranslateMappingStrategy<Person> strategy =
            new HeaderColumnNameTranslateMappingStrategy<>();
        strategy.setType(Person.class);
        Map<String, String> columnMapping = new HashMap<>();
        columnMapping.put("编号", "id");
        columnMapping.put("姓名", "name");
        columnMapping.put("年龄", "age");
        strategy.setColumnMapping(columnMapping);

        CsvToBean<Person> csvToBean = new CsvToBeanBuilder(csvReader)
            .withSeparator(CSVWriter.DEFAULT_SEPARATOR)
            .withQuoteChar(CSVWriter.NO_QUOTE_CHARACTER)
            .withMappingStrategy(strategy)
            .build();

        List<Person> list = csvToBean.parse();

        for (Person p : list) {
            System.out.println(p.toString());
        }
        csvReader.close();
        reader.close();
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

测试类的方法(maven 项目结构中的测试类)

finalPath 是绝对路径 + 文件名,请确保欲生成的文件所在目录已创建好。

@Test
void writeCsv() {
    // test data
    Person person0 = new Person(11, "钱多多", 18);
    Person person1 = new Person(22, "王多鱼", 19);
    Person person2 = new Person(33, "喜羊羊", 20);
    List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<>();
    personList.add(person0);
    personList.add(person1);
    personList.add(person2);

    String finalPath = "/Users/qianshijie/Temporary/skycomm/devsyn/test.csv";

    personService.writeCsv(personList, finalPath);
}

@Test
void readCsv() {
    String finalPath = "/Users/qianshijie/Temporary/skycomm/devsyn/test.csv";

    personService.readCsv(finalPath);
}

运行结果

根据 java 对象生成 csv 文件成功:

Screen Shot 2020-11-09 at 5.46.00 PM

生成的 csv 文件(可使用 vim 查看,使用 excel 打开 csv 文件会自动转换为表格):

Screen Shot 2020-11-09 at 11.58.47 PM

读取 csv 文件转换为 java 对象 成功:

Screen Shot 2020-11-09 at 11.02.02 PM

One More Thing

上述方法中,csv 文件的列名均已被替换(已不是实体类的属性名)。如果想让生成的 csv 文件列名和实体类属性名保持一致。请使用如下代码(只列举有变化的代码,未列出则代码无变动,变动已将原代码注释,以供对比):

writeCsv

public void writeCsv(List<Person> dataList, String finalPath) {
    try {
        Writer writer = new FileWriter(finalPath);

        // 设置显示的顺序
        String[] columnMapping = {"id", "name", "age"};
        ColumnPositionMappingStrategy<Person> mapper =
            new ColumnPositionMappingStrategy<>();
        mapper.setType(Person.class);
        mapper.setColumnMapping(columnMapping);

        // 写表头
        CSVWriter csvWriter = new CSVWriter(writer, CSVWriter.DEFAULT_SEPARATOR, CSVWriter.NO_QUOTE_CHARACTER, '\\', "\n");
        // String[] header = { "编号", "姓名", "年龄"};
        String[] header = { "id", "name", "age"};
        csvWriter.writeNext(header);

        StatefulBeanToCsv beanToCsv = new StatefulBeanToCsvBuilder(writer)
            .withMappingStrategy(mapper)
            .withQuotechar(CSVWriter.NO_QUOTE_CHARACTER)
            .withSeparator(CSVWriter.DEFAULT_SEPARATOR)
            .withEscapechar('\\')
            .build();
        beanToCsv.write(dataList);
        csvWriter.close();
        writer.close();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (CsvDataTypeMismatchException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (CsvRequiredFieldEmptyException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    System.out.println(finalPath + "数据导出成功");
}

readCsv

public void readCsv(String finalPath) {
    try {
        Reader reader = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(finalPath), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
        CSVReader csvReader = new CSVReaderBuilder(reader).build();

        // 列名的映射
        // HeaderColumnNameTranslateMappingStrategy<Person> strategy =
        //         new HeaderColumnNameTranslateMappingStrategy<>();
        // strategy.setType(Person.class);
        // Map<String, String> columnMapping = new HashMap<>();
        // columnMapping.put("编号", "id");
        // columnMapping.put("姓名", "name");
        // columnMapping.put("年龄", "age");
        // strategy.setColumnMapping(columnMapping);

        CsvToBean<Person> csvToBean = new CsvToBeanBuilder<Person>(csvReader)
            .withSeparator(CSVWriter.DEFAULT_SEPARATOR)
            .withQuoteChar(CSVWriter.NO_QUOTE_CHARACTER)
            // .withMappingStrategy(strategy)
            .withType(Person.class)
            .build();

        List<Person> list = csvToBean.parse();

        for (Person p : list) {
            System.out.println(p.toString());
        }
        csvReader.close();
        reader.close();
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

生成的 csv 文件

Screen Shot 2020-11-10 at 12.16.04 AM

csv 文件读写均可正常运行。

引用/参考

openCSV 读写 CSV 文件 - peterwanghao - CSDN

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