@TOC
前言：由于项目上使用微服架构，各服务都有独立的数据库，那么如何保证事务的一致性？而 Seata 是一款开源的分布式事务解决方案，致力于提供高性能和简单易用的分布式事务服务。Seata 将为用户提供了 AT、TCC、SAGA 和 XA 事务模式，为用户打造一站式的分布式解决方案。
一、Seata 版本选择
二、windows 下载安装步骤-安装包方式
1、下载安装包 1.6.1
2、修改 seata/seata/conf/application.yml 内容，由于使用 nacos 作为注册中心主要 seata 的 config、registry、store
修改前：
修改后
seata:
config:
# support: nacos, consul, apollo, zk, etcd3
type: nacos
nacos:
server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
namespace: 967df0d8-156b-441a-a5ab-615b4a865168
group: MY_GROUP
##if use MSE Nacos with auth, mutex with username/password attribute
#access-key: ""
#secret-key: ""
data-id: seataServer.properties
registry:
# support: nacos, eureka, redis, zk, consul, etcd3, sofa
type: nacos
# preferred-networks: 30.240.*
nacos:
application: seata-tc-server
server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
group: MY_GROUP
namespace: 967df0d8-156b-441a-a5ab-615b4a865168
#cluster: SH
##if use MSE Nacos with auth, mutex with username/password attribute
#access-key: ""
#secret-key: ""
store:
# support: file 、 db 、 redis
mode: db
db:
datasource: druid
db-type: mysql
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/seata?useUnicode=true&rewriteBatchedStatements=true&serverTimezone=GMT
user: root
password: 123456
min-conn: 5
max-conn: 100
global-table: global_table
branch-table: branch_table
lock-table: lock_table
distributed-lock-table: distributed_lock
query-limit: 100
max-wait: 5000
3、根据 seata/seata/script/server/db/mysql.sql 建数据库表 seata
-- -------------------------------- The script used when storeMode is 'db' --------------------------------
-- the table to store GlobalSession data
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `global_table`
(
`xid` VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
`transaction_id` BIGINT,
`status` TINYINT NOT NULL,
`application_id` VARCHAR(32),
`transaction_service_group` VARCHAR(32),
`transaction_name` VARCHAR(128),
`timeout` INT,
`begin_time` BIGINT,
`application_data` VARCHAR(2000),
`gmt_create` DATETIME,
`gmt_modified` DATETIME,
PRIMARY KEY (`xid`),
KEY `idx_status_gmt_modified` (`status` , `gmt_modified`),
KEY `idx_transaction_id` (`transaction_id`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB
DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;
-- the table to store BranchSession data
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `branch_table`
(
`branch_id` BIGINT NOT NULL,
`xid` VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
`transaction_id` BIGINT,
`resource_group_id` VARCHAR(32),
`resource_id` VARCHAR(256),
`branch_type` VARCHAR(8),
`status` TINYINT,
`client_id` VARCHAR(64),
`application_data` VARCHAR(2000),
`gmt_create` DATETIME(6),
`gmt_modified` DATETIME(6),
PRIMARY KEY (`branch_id`),
KEY `idx_xid` (`xid`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB
DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;
-- the table to store lock data
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `lock_table`
(
`row_key` VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
`xid` VARCHAR(128),
`transaction_id` BIGINT,
`branch_id` BIGINT NOT NULL,
`resource_id` VARCHAR(256),
`table_name` VARCHAR(32),
`pk` VARCHAR(36),
`status` TINYINT NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '0:locked ,1:rollbacking',
`gmt_create` DATETIME,
`gmt_modified` DATETIME,
PRIMARY KEY (`row_key`),
KEY `idx_status` (`status`),
KEY `idx_branch_id` (`branch_id`),
KEY `idx_xid` (`xid`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB
DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `distributed_lock`
(
`lock_key` CHAR(20) NOT NULL,
`lock_value` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
`expire` BIGINT,
primary key (`lock_key`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB
DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;
INSERT INTO `distributed_lock` (lock_key, lock_value, expire) VALUES ('AsyncCommitting', ' ', 0);
INSERT INTO `distributed_lock` (lock_key, lock_value, expire) VALUES ('RetryCommitting', ' ', 0);
INSERT INTO `distributed_lock` (lock_key, lock_value, expire) VALUES ('RetryRollbacking', ' ', 0);
INSERT INTO `distributed_lock` (lock_key, lock_value, expire) VALUES ('TxTimeoutCheck', ' ', 0);
4、在 nacos 中新增配置 seataServer.properties
# 数据存储方式，db代表数据库
store.mode=db
store.db.datasource=druid
store.db.dbType=mysql
store.db.driverClassName=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
store.db.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/seata?useUnicode=true&rewriteBatchedStatements=true&serverTimezone=GMT
store.db.user=root
store.db.password=123456
store.db.minConn=5
store.db.maxConn=30
store.db.globalTable=global_table
store.db.branchTable=branch_table
store.db.queryLimit=100
store.db.lockTable=lock_table
store.db.maxWait=5000
# 事务、日志等配置
server.recovery.committingRetryPeriod=3000
server.recovery.asynCommittingRetryPeriod=3000
server.recovery.rollbackingRetryPeriod=3000
server.recovery.timeoutRetryPeriod=3000
server.maxCommitRetryTimeout=-1
server.maxRollbackRetryTimeout=-1
server.rollbackRetryTimeoutUnlockEnable=false
server.undo.logSaveDays=7
server.undo.logDeletePeriod=86400000
# 客户端与服务端传输方式
transport.serialization=seata
transport.compressor=none
# 关闭metrics功能，提高性能
metrics.enabled=false
metrics.registryType=compact
metrics.exporterList=prometheus
metrics.exporterPrometheusPort=9898
5、访问后台 http://127.0.0.1:7091/#/login
账号：seata 密码：seata
三、linux 下载安装步骤-docker 方式
参考：链接: docker 部署 seata
docker run -d --restart always --name seata-server -p 8091:8091 -p 7091:7091 -v /usr/local/seata/seata-server:/seata-server -e SEATA_PORT=8091 -e SEATA_IP=[自己的ip地址] seataio/seata-server:1.6.1
# Copyright 1999-2019 Seata.io Group.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
server:
port: 7091
spring:
application:
name: seata-tc-server
logging:
config: classpath:logback-spring.xml
file:
path: ${user.home}/logs/seata
extend:
logstash-appender:
destination: 127.0.0.1:4560
kafka-appender:
bootstrap-servers: 127.0.0.1:9092
topic: logback_to_logstash
console:
user:
username: seata
password: seata
seata:
config:
# support: nacos, consul, apollo, zk, etcd3
type: nacos
nacos:
server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
namespace: 967df0d8-156b-441a-a5ab-615b4a865168
group: MY_GROUP
##if use MSE Nacos with auth, mutex with username/password attribute
#access-key: ""
#secret-key: ""
data-id: seataServer.properties
registry:
# support: nacos, eureka, redis, zk, consul, etcd3, sofa
type: nacos
# preferred-networks: 30.240.*
nacos:
application: seata-tc-server
server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
group: MY_GROUP
namespace: 967df0d8-156b-441a-a5ab-615b4a865168
#cluster: SH
##if use MSE Nacos with auth, mutex with username/password attribute
#access-key: ""
#secret-key: ""
store:
# support: file 、 db 、 redis
mode: db
db:
datasource: druid
db-type: mysql
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/seata?useUnicode=true&rewriteBatchedStatements=true&serverTimezone=GMT
user: root
password:123456
min-conn: 5
max-conn: 100
global-table: global_table
branch-table: branch_table
lock-table: lock_table
distributed-lock-table: distributed_lock
query-limit: 100
max-wait: 5000
server:
#service-port: 8091 #If not configured, the default is '${server.port} + 1000'
vgroup-mapping: {<!-- -->"default_tx_group" : "default"}
security:
secretKey: SeataSecretKey0c382ef121d778043159209298fd40bf3850a017
tokenValidityInMilliseconds: 1800000
ignore:
urls: /,/**/*.css,/**/*.js,/**/*.html,/**/*.map,/**/*.svg,/**/*.png,/**/*.ico,/console-fe/public/**,/api/v1/auth/login
四、Spring Cloud 应用相关配置
seata 版本可以根据自己项目版本进行选择，请查看 版本说明
1、父工程 pom 文件引入
<properties>
<seata.version>1.6.1</seata.version>
</properties>
</dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.seata</groupId>
<artifactId>seata-all</artifactId>
<version>${seata.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
2、子工程 pom 文件引入
<!--分布式事务seata-->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.seata</groupId>
<artifactId>seata-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>${seata.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata</artifactId>
<version>${spring.cloud.alibaba.version}</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>io.seata</groupId>
<artifactId>seata-all</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>seata-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<groupId>io.seata</groupId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
3、yml 配置
# seata 配置， 代替file.conf和registry.conf配置
# seata 配置， 代替file.conf和registry.conf配置
sfs:
nacos:
server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
namespace: 967df0d8-156b-441a-a5ab-615b4a865168
group: MY_GROUP
seata:
enabled: true
application-id : ${spring.application.name}
tx-service-group: default_tx_group
use-jdk-proxy: true
enable-auto-data-source-proxy: true
registry:
type: nacos
nacos:
application: seata-tc-server
server-addr: ${sfs.nacos.server-addr}
namespace: ${sfs.nacos.namespace}
group: ${sfs.nacos.group}
config:
type: nacos
nacos:
server-addr: ${sfs.nacos.server-addr}
namespace: ${sfs.nacos.namespace}
group: ${sfs.nacos.group}
service:
vgroupMapping:
default_tx_group: default
#禁用hystrix导致启动失败
feign:
hystrix:
enabled: false
4、实现类上加上
@GlobalTransactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
5、每个数据库上加上 undo_log
SET NAMES utf8mb4;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for undo_log
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `undo_log`;
CREATE TABLE `undo_log` (
`branch_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '分支事务ID',
`xid` varchar(100) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '全局事务ID',
`context` varchar(128) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '上下文',
`rollback_info` longblob NOT NULL COMMENT '回滚信息',
`log_status` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '状态，0正常，1全局已完成',
`log_created` datetime(6) NOT NULL COMMENT '创建时间',
`log_modified` datetime(6) NOT NULL COMMENT '修改时间',
UNIQUE INDEX `ux_undo_log`(`xid`, `branch_id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci COMMENT = 'AT transaction mode undo table' ROW_FORMAT = Compact;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;
五、遇到问题
1、No available service
2023-02-06 09:51:29.885 [TID: N/A] [http-nio-8671-exec-1] INFO io.seata.tm.TransactionManagerHolder - TransactionManager Singleton io.seata.tm.DefaultTransactionManager@254a608b
2023-02-06 09:51:29.900 [TID: N/A] [http-nio-8671-exec-1] WARN c.d.pi.exception.MyExceptionHandler - No available service
io.seata.common.exception.FrameworkException: No available service
at io.seata.core.rpc.netty.AbstractNettyRemotingClient.loadBalance(AbstractNettyRemotingClient.java:266)
解决：逐步排除配置信息，请参考链接: seata 异常信息排除
2、Seata 报错 can not get cluster name in registry config ‘service.vgroupMapping.default
解决：请参考链接: seata 相关问题解决
3、get table meta of the table XXX error: Failed to fetch schema of XXX
解决：数据表中没有主键，请参考链接: 表设置主键
4、链路中出现某服务报错，各服务不进行回滚
解决：先查看各服务的 XID 是否一致。
使用 spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata，已经实现 XID 传递，注意配置中禁用 feign 的 hystrix（也就是不能使用 hystrix，参考链接: hystrix 线程切换导致 threadLocal 丢失问题）
<!--分布式事务seata-->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.seata</groupId>
<artifactId>seata-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>${seata.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata</artifactId>
<version>${spring.cloud.alibaba.version}</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>io.seata</groupId>
<artifactId>seata-all</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>seata-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<groupId>io.seata</groupId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
feign:
hystrix:
enabled: false
参考链接: 2022 年 SpringCloud Alibaba Seata1.42 整合 springboot 处理分布式事务排坑版教程
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