spring-boot Kafka

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spring-boot Kafka

基于 springboot 和 kafka 开发消息通信系统,提供消息发送、接收功能。
本文需要对 kafka 有基础的了解,且存在可访问的 kafka 服务。如果缺乏相关知识,请先阅读 kafka 官方文档

环境工具

  • jdk 1.8
  • maven 3
  • apache-kafka 2.11-0.10.1.0

项目依赖

  • spring-boot 1.4.3.RELEASE
  • spring-kafka 1.1.1.RELEASE

代码

发送消息

利用 spring-kafka 提供的 KafkaTemplate 模板实现发送消息的功能,因为 KafkaTemplate 不是 springbean,所以在 Config 中手动创建实例 Bean。
看一下 KafkaTemplate 构造函数相关源码

/** * Create an instance using the supplied producer factory and autoFlush false. * @param producerFactory the producer factory. */ public KafkaTemplate(ProducerFactory<K, V> producerFactory) { this(producerFactory, false); } /** * Create an instance using the supplied producer factory and autoFlush setting. * Set autoFlush to true if you wish to synchronously interact with Kafaka, calling * {@link Future#get()} on the result. * @param producerFactory the producer factory. * @param autoFlush true to flush after each send. */ public KafkaTemplate(ProducerFactory<K, V> producerFactory, boolean autoFlush) { this.producerFactory = producerFactory; this.autoFlush = autoFlush; }

构造函数需要参数 ProducerFactory 参数,ProducerFactory 接口一个有一个默认实现 DefaultKafkaProducerFactory。再看一下 DefaultKafkaProducerFactory 构造函数相关源码

public DefaultKafkaProducerFactory(Map<String, Object> configs) { this(configs, null, null); } public DefaultKafkaProducerFactory(Map<String, Object> configs, Serializer<K> keySerializer, Serializer<V> valueSerializer) { this.configs = new HashMap<>(configs); this.keySerializer = keySerializer; this.valueSerializer = valueSerializer; }

需要的 configs 参数,在创建 KafkaProducer 时用于初始化参数,所以可以再创建一个 configMap 用于配制 KafkaProducer 相关配置项

protected KafkaProducer<K, V> createKafkaProducer() { return new KafkaProducer<K, V>(this.configs, this.keySerializer, this.valueSerializer); }

相关参数项参考 org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.ProducerConfig,这里只配置最必需参数,包括 kafka 地址、keyValue 序列化。
发送端配置类如下:

package pro.hemo.study.kafka; import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.ProducerConfig; import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.IntegerSerializer; import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.kafka.core.DefaultKafkaProducerFactory; import org.springframework.kafka.core.KafkaTemplate; import org.springframework.kafka.core.ProducerFactory; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; @Configuration public class KafkaProducerConfig { private Map<String, Object> configs() { Map<String, Object> configMap = new HashMap<>(); configMap.put(ProducerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, "localhost:9092"); configMap.put(ProducerConfig.KEY_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, IntegerSerializer.class); configMap.put(ProducerConfig.VALUE_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class); return configMap; } private ProducerFactory producerFactory() { return new DefaultKafkaProducerFactory(configs()); } @Bean public KafkaTemplate kafkaTemplate() { return new KafkaTemplate(producerFactory()); } }

发送消息工具类方法

package pro.hemo.study.kafka.producer; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.kafka.core.KafkaTemplate; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class KafkaSendService { @Autowired private KafkaTemplate kafkaTemplate; public void sendMessage(String topic, String message) { kafkaTemplate.send(topic, message); } }

可以通过测试用例测试消息发送,通过命令行模式监听对应的 topic,查看是否能够接收消息。

package pro.hemo.study.kafka; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner; import pro.hemo.study.kafka.producer.KafkaSendService; @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest public class StudyKafkaApplicationTests { @Autowired private KafkaSendService kafkaSendService; @Test public void testSendMessage() throws Exception { kafkaSendService.sendMessage("foo", "Hello SpringBoot Kafka!"); } }

接收消息

接收端的配置项代码和发送端类似,不同的事,接收端需要指定一个 KafkaListenerContainerFactory,用于注册监听。先看代码

package pro.hemo.study.kafka; import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerConfig; import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.IntegerDeserializer; import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.kafka.annotation.EnableKafka; import org.springframework.kafka.config.ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory; import org.springframework.kafka.config.KafkaListenerContainerFactory; import org.springframework.kafka.core.ConsumerFactory; import org.springframework.kafka.core.DefaultKafkaConsumerFactory; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; @Configuration @EnableKafka public class KafkaConsumerConfig { private Map<String, Object> configs() { Map<String, Object> configMap = new HashMap<>(); configMap.put(ConsumerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, "localhost:9092"); configMap.put(ConsumerConfig.KEY_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, IntegerDeserializer.class); configMap.put(ConsumerConfig.VALUE_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class); configMap.put(ConsumerConfig.GROUP_ID_CONFIG, "groupTest"); return configMap; } private ConsumerFactory consumerFactory() { return new DefaultKafkaConsumerFactory<>(configs()); } @Bean public KafkaListenerContainerFactory kafkaListenerContainerFactory() { ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory factory = new ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory<>(); factory.setConsumerFactory(consumerFactory()); return factory; } }

结合接收消息工具类一起看

package pro.hemo.study.kafka.consumer; import org.springframework.kafka.annotation.KafkaHandler; import org.springframework.kafka.annotation.KafkaListener; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @KafkaListener(topics = "topicTest") @Component public class KafkaReceiveService { @KafkaHandler public void receiveMessage(String message) { System.out.println("receive:" + message); } }

消息接收端代码核心在于注解**@KafkaListener**,查看源码,重点为两个属性 containerFactorytopics

package org.springframework.kafka.annotation; import java.lang.annotation.Documented; import java.lang.annotation.ElementType; import java.lang.annotation.Repeatable; import java.lang.annotation.Retention; import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy; import java.lang.annotation.Target; import org.springframework.kafka.listener.MessageListener; import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.MessageMapping; @Target({ ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE }) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @MessageMapping @Documented @Repeatable(KafkaListeners.class) public @interface KafkaListener { /** * The unique identifier of the container managing for this endpoint. * <p>If none is specified an auto-generated one is provided. * @return the {@code id} for the container managing for this endpoint. * @see org.springframework.kafka.config.KafkaListenerEndpointRegistry#getListenerContainer(String) */ String id() default ""; /** * The bean name of the {@link org.springframework.kafka.config.KafkaListenerContainerFactory} * to use to create the message listener container responsible to serve this endpoint. * <p>If not specified, the default container factory is used, if any. * @return the container factory bean name. */ String containerFactory() default ""; /** * The topics for this listener. * The entries can be 'topic name', 'property-placeholder keys' or 'expressions'. * Expression must be resolved to the topic name. * Mutually exclusive with {@link #topicPattern()} and {@link #topicPartitions()}. * @return the topic names or expressions (SpEL) to listen to. */ String[] topics() default {}; /** * The topic pattern for this listener. * The entries can be 'topic name', 'property-placeholder keys' or 'expressions'. * Expression must be resolved to the topic pattern. * Mutually exclusive with {@link #topics()} and {@link #topicPartitions()}. * @return the topic pattern or expression (SpEL). */ String topicPattern() default ""; /** * The topicPartitions for this listener. * Mutually exclusive with {@link #topicPattern()} and {@link #topics()}. * @return the topic names or expressions (SpEL) to listen to. */ TopicPartition[] topicPartitions() default {}; /** * If provided, the listener container for this listener will be added to a bean * with this value as its name, of type {@code Collection<MessageListenerContainer>}. * This allows, for example, iteration over the collection to start/stop a subset * of containers. * @return the bean name for the group. */ String group() default ""; }

topics、topicPattern、topicPartitions 都是用于指定监听的 topic,而 containerFactory 需要指明监听仓库 KafkaListenerContainerFactory,所以在 KafkaConsumerConfig 配置类中创建对应的 Bean 对象,并根据构造函数添加相应的参数配置。

@EnableKafka

用于扫描对应的 listener。

@KafkaHandler

指明消息接收处理方法。

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