在 CentOS7 上编译安装 MySQL 5.7.13 步骤详解

MySQL 5.7 主要特性

1. 更好的性能
   对于多核 CPU、固态硬盘、锁有着更好的优化，每秒 100W QPS 已不再是 MySQL 的追求，下个版本能否上 200W QPS 才是用户更关心的。

• 更好的 InnoDB 存储引擎
• 更为健壮的复制功能
  复制带来了数据完全不丢失的方案，传统金融客户也可以选择使用。MySQL 数据库。此外，GTID 在线平滑升级也变得可能。
• 更好的优化器
  优化器代码重构的意义将在这个版本及以后的版本中带来巨大的改进，Oracle 官方正在解决 MySQL 之前最大的难题。
• 原生 JSON 类型的支持
• 更好的地理信息服务支持
  InnoDB 原生支持地理位置类型，支持 GeoJSON，GeoHash 特性
• 新增 sys 库
  以后这会是 DBA 访问最频繁的库 MySQL 5.7 已经作为数据库可选项添加到《OneinStack》

安装准备

安装依赖包

[root@snails ~]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ ncurses ncurses-devel cmake bison

下载相应源码包

[root@snails ~]# wget https://sourceforge.net/projects/boost/files/boost/1.59.0/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
[root@snails ~]# wget http://cdn.mysql.com/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.13.tar.gz

也可以使用官方下载链接 进行下载。

新建 MySQL 用户和用户组

[root@snails ~]# groupadd -r mysql && useradd -r -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql 

预编译

[root@snails ~]# tar -zxvf boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
[root@snails data]# md5sum mysql-5.7.13.tar.gz 
8fab75dbcafcd1374d07796bff88ae00  mysql-5.7.13.tar.gz
[root@snails ~]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.13.tar.gz
[root@snails data]# mkdir -p /data/mysql
[root@snails data]# cd mysql-5.7.13
[root@snails data]# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql \
-DWITH_BOOST=../boost_1_59_0 \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DENABLE_DTRACE=0 \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8mb4 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8mb4_general_ci \
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1

编译安装

[root@snails mysql-5.7.13]# make -j `grep processor /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l`
#编译很消耗系统资源，小内存可能编译通不过make install
[root@snails mysql-5.7.13]# make install

设置启动脚本，开机自启动

[root@snails mysql-5.7.13]# ls -lrt /usr/local/mysql
[root@snails mysql-5.7.13]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@snails mysql-5.7.13]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@snails mysql-5.7.13]# systemctl enable mysqld
mysqld.service is not a native service, redirecting to /sbin/chkconfig.
Executing /sbin/chkconfig mysqld on

配置文件

/etc/my.cnf，仅供参考 
[root@snails mysql-5.7.13]# cat > /etc/my.cnf << EOF
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /dev/shm/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /dev/shm/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql
pid-file = /data/mysql/mysql.pid
user = mysql
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
server-id = 1
init-connect = 'SET NAMES utf8mb4'
character-set-server = utf8mb4
#skip-name-resolve
#skip-networking
back_log = 300
max_connections = 1000
max_connect_errors = 6000
open_files_limit = 65535
table_open_cache = 128
max_allowed_packet = 4M
binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_heap_table_size = 8M
tmp_table_size = 16M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
join_buffer_size = 8M
key_buffer_size = 4M
thread_cache_size = 8
query_cache_type = 1
query_cache_size = 8M
query_cache_limit = 2M
ft_min_word_len = 4
log_bin = mysql-bin
binlog_format = mixed
expire_logs_days = 30
log_error = /data/mysql/mysql-error.log
slow_query_log = 1
long_query_time = 1
slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/mysql-slow.log
performance_schema = 0
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
#lower_case_table_names = 1
skip-external-locking
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
#default-storage-engine = MyISAM
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_open_files = 500
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 64M
innodb_write_io_threads = 4
innodb_read_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
innodb_purge_threads = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M
innodb_log_file_size = 32M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
interactive_timeout = 28800
wait_timeout = 28800
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer = 4M
write_buffer = 4M
EOF

添加 mysql 的环境变量

[root@snails mysql-5.7.13]# echo -e '\n\nexport PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH\n' >> /etc/profile && source /etc/profile

初始化数据库

[root@snails mysql-5.7.13]# mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql

注：

• MySQL 之前版本 mysql_install_db 是在 mysql_basedir/script 下
• MySQL 5.7 直接放在了 mysql_install_db/bin 目录下。
• "–initialize"已废弃,生成一个随机密码(~/.mysql_secret)
• "–initialize-insecure"不会生成密码
• "–datadir"目录下不能有数据文件

启动数据库

[root@snails mysql-5.7.13]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@snails mysql-5.7.13]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - LSB: start and stop MySQL
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld)
   Active: active (running) since 一 2016-07-18 11:15:35 CST; 8s ago
     Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
  Process: 23927 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           ├─23940 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/data/mysql --pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid
           └─24776 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/mysql-err...

7月 18 11:15:32 snails systemd[1]: Starting LSB: start and stop MySQL...
7月 18 11:15:35 snails mysqld[23927]: Starting MySQL..[  OK  ]
7月 18 11:15:35 snails systemd[1]: Started LSB: start and stop MySQL.

查看 MySQL 服务进程和端口

[root@snails mysql-5.7.13]# ps -ef | grep mysql
root     23940     1  0 11:15 ?        00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/data/mysql --pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid
mysql    24776 23940  0 11:15 ?        00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/mysql-error.log --open-files-limit=65535 --pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid --socket=/dev/shm/mysql.sock --port=3306
[root@snails mysql-5.7.13]# netstat -tunpl | grep 3306
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      24776/mysqld

设置数据库 root 用户密码

MySQL 和 Oracle 数据库一样，数据库也默认自带了一个 root 用户（这个和当前 Linux 主机上的 root 用户是完全不搭边的），我们在设置好 MySQL 数据库的安全配置后初始化 root 用户的密码。配制过程中，一路输入 y 就行了。这里只说明下 MySQL5.7.13 版本中，用户密码策略分成低级 LOW 、中等 MEDIUM 和超强 STRONG 三种，推荐使用中等 MEDIUM 级别！

[root@snails mysql-5.7.13]# mysql_secure_installation

常用操作

将 MySQL 数据库的动态链接库共享至系统链接库

一般 MySQL 数据库还会被类似于 PHP 等服务调用，所以我们需要将 MySQL 编译后的 lib 库文件添加至当前 Linux 主机链接库 /etc/ld.so.conf.d/
下，这样 MySQL 服务就可以被其它服务调用了。

 [root@snails mysql-5.7.13]# ldconfig |grep mysql
[root@snails mysql-5.7.13]# echo "/usr/local/mysql/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
[root@snails mysql-5.7.13]# ldconfig
[root@snails mysql-5.7.13]# ldconfig -v |grep mysql
ldconfig: 无法对 /libx32 进行 stat 操作: 没有那个文件或目录
ldconfig: 多次给出路径“/usr/lib”
ldconfig: 多次给出路径“/usr/lib64”
ldconfig: 无法对 /usr/libx32 进行 stat 操作: 没有那个文件或目录
/usr/lib64/mysql:
    libmysqlclient.so.18 -> libmysqlclient.so.18.0.0
/usr/local/mysql/lib:
    libmysqlclient.so.20 -> libmysqlclient.so.20.3.0

创建其它 MySQL 数据库用户

[root@snails mysql-5.7.13]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.13-log Source distribution

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Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
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owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
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https://www.jianshu.com/p/95a103add722

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