MySQL 主从模式部署

1.下载 tar.gz 格式的安装包

下载地址 https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

2.解压

tar -zvxf mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
mv mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql5719
mv mysql5719 /mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /mysql/mysql5719
​

3.配置 my.cnf

master 节点配置，进入到/mysql/mysql5719 目录下面，创建文件 my.cnf,文件内容如下

[mysqld]
datadir=/mysql/mysql5719/data
socket=/mysql/mysql5719/data/mysql.sock 
tmpdir          = /tmp
user=mysql 
basedir                 = /mysql/mysql5719
log-bin                 = master-bin
log-bin-index           = master-bin.index
server-id               = 1
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks 
#symbolic-links=0 
#key_buffer              = 16M 
key_buffer_size         = 32M 
max_allowed_packet      = 16M 
thread_stack            = 128K 
thread_cache_size       = 64 
query_cache_limit       = 8M 
query_cache_size        = 64M 
query_cache_type        = 1 
# Important: see Distributing the Databases and Setting max_connections 
max_connections         = 3000

binlog_format=mixed
log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1 
## @!!@ 
lower_case_table_names = 1 
#default-storage-engine=InnoDB   
 
#character_set_client=utf8 
#default-collation=utf8_unicode_ci 
character-set-server=utf8 
collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci 
 
read_buffer_size = 2M 
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M 
sort_buffer_size = 8M 
join_buffer_size = 8M 
lower_case_table_names = 1


# InnoDB settings 
innodb_data_home_dir=/mysql/mysql5719/data
innodb_file_per_table = 1 
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit  = 2 
innodb_log_buffer_size            = 64M 
innodb_buffer_pool_size         = 2G 
innodb_thread_concurrency       = 8 
innodb_flush_method             = O_DIRECT 
innodb_log_file_size = 512M  
#skip-grant-tables
#sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
​

slave 节点配置，进入到/mysql/mysql5719 目录下面，创建文件 my.cnf,文件内容如下

[mysqld]
datadir=/mysql/mysql5719/data
socket=/mysql/mysql5719/data/mysql.sock 
user=mysql 
port            = 3306
basedir                 =/mysql/mysql5719
tmpdir                  =/tmp
relay-log       = slave-relay-bin
relay-log-index = slave-relay-bin.index
server-id       = 2
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks 
#symbolic-links=0 
#key_buffer              = 16M 
key_buffer_size         = 32M 
max_allowed_packet      = 16M 
thread_stack            = 128K 
thread_cache_size       = 64 
query_cache_limit       = 8M 
query_cache_size        = 64M 
query_cache_type        = 1 
# Important: see Distributing the Databases and Setting max_connections 
max_connections         = 3000

binlog_format=mixed
log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1
 
## @!!@ 
lower_case_table_names = 1 
#default-storage-engine=InnoDB   
 
#character_set_client=utf8 
#default-collation=utf8_unicode_ci 
character-set-server=utf8 
collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci 
 
read_buffer_size = 2M 
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M 
sort_buffer_size = 8M 
join_buffer_size = 8M 
lower_case_table_names = 1


# InnoDB settings 
innodb_data_home_dir=/mysql/mysql5719/data
innodb_file_per_table = 1 
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit  = 2 
innodb_log_buffer_size            = 64M 
innodb_buffer_pool_size         = 2G 
innodb_thread_concurrency       = 8 
innodb_flush_method             = O_DIRECT 
innodb_log_file_size = 512M 
#skip-grant-tables
#sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
​

4.创建数据目录

mkdir /mysql/mysql5719/data

5.修改 mysql 服务启动脚本

6.初始化数据库（root 操作）

./bin/mysqld --defaults-file=./my.cnf --initialize

上图红框里面就是 root 的初始密码

7.启动 MySQL 服务（root 操作）

8.设置 mysql.sock

ln -s /mysql/mysql5721/data/mysql.sock /tmp/mysql.sock

9.设置 root 密码（初始密码在初始化数据库的时候生成）

set password for root@localhost = password('Zaq1@wsx');

10.设置 MySQL 服务

cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
​

如果出现下面的报错

原因：MySQL 默认的日志：/var/log/mysqld.log 被占用了，删除即可。

11.设置 MySQL 客户端

mv /usr/bin/mysql  /usr/bin/mysql.bak #删除备份旧的mysql命令，若不存在可忽略
cp mysql /usr/bin/
chmod 755 /usr/bin/mysql
​

到此为止，master 机器的安装配置完成，接下来安装 slave 机器，slave 机器的安装和 master 类似，但请注意 my.cnf 配置不一样

12.在 master 上添加主从同步用户

GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'rep_user'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'Qwer1@#$';

查看主服务器，出现以下类似信息

mysql> show master status;

13.配置 slave 服务器

mysql  -u root -p  #进入MySQL控制台
stop slave;   #停止slave同步进程
change master to master_host='134.176.72.82',master_user='rep_user',master_password='Qwer1@#$',master_log_file='master-bin.000002' ,master_log_pos=837;  #执行同步语句
start slave;    #开启slave同步进程
SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G   #查看slave同步信息，出现以下内容
​

注意查看：

Slave_IO_Running: Yes

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

以上这两个参数的值为 Yes，即说明配置成功！

14.测试 MySQL 主从服务器双机热备是否成功

（1）进入 MySQL 主服务器

mysql -u root -p  #进入主服务器MySQL控制台
mysql> create database test;
mysql> use test; #进入数据库
mysql> CREATE TABLE test ( id int not null primary key,name char(20) );   #创建test表
mysql> insert into test values(001,'zhangsan');
mysql> insert into test values(002,'lisi');
​

（2）进入 MySQL 从服务器

mysql -u root -p  #进入MySQL控制台
use test; #进入数据库
show  tables;  #查看mstest库，会看到有一个新建的表test，表示数据库同步成功
select * from test;
​