Django_ 学员管理后台系统开发 (三)

优化，和抽象代码，减少耦合度

修改 view.py

from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect

from django.shortcuts import render

from django.urls import reverse

from django.views import View

from student_sys.form import StudentForm

from .models import Student

# Create your views here.

class IndexView(View):

template_name = 'index.html'

@staticmethod

def get_content():

students = Student.get_all()

context = {

'students':students

}

return context

def get(self, request):

context = self.get_content()

form = StudentForm

context.update({

'form':form

})

return render(request, self.template_name, context=context)

def post(self, request):

form = StudentForm(request.POST)

if form.is_valid():

form.save()

return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('index'))

context = self.get_content()

context.update({

'form': form

})

return render(request, self.template_name, context=context)

# def index(request):

# students = Student.get_all()

# if request.method == 'POST':

# form = StudentForm(request.POST)

# if form.is_valid():

# # cleaned_data = form.cleaned_data

# # student = Student()

# # student.name = cleaned_data['name']

# # student.sex = cleaned_data['sex']

# # student.email = cleaned_data['email']

# # student.profession = cleaned_data['profession']

# # student.qq = cleaned_data['qq']

# # student.phone = cleaned_data['phone']

# # student.save()

# form.save()

# return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('index'))

# else:

# form = StudentForm()

#

# context = {

# 'students': students,

# 'form': form

# }

# return render(request, 'index.html', context=context)

被注释掉的是之前的写，上面的代码是优化后

抽象成类之后，可以更好的复用代码，更加直观了，就算以后需要修改，也不用所有的需求都改一个函数

当然我们不一定要用 class-base view，这不是必要的。因为我们没有这么写，也跑的挺欢的，也没有问题，差别不大。但是，需要注意的是，为了以后的变更好过，还是要分离处理逻辑

即将编写流水式代码过渡到编写结构化的类

修改我们 view.py

from django.conf.urls import url

from django.contrib import admin

from django.urls import path

from student_sys.views import IndexView

urlpatterns = [

url(r'^$', IndexView.as_view(), name='index'),

path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

]

as_view()是对 get 和 post 方法的封装

编写一个测试程序的 middleware，主要是为了了解学习怎么去写

middleware.py

import time

from django.urls import reverse

from .middlemixin import MiddlewareMixin

class TimeItMiddleware(MiddlewareMixin):

def process_request(self, request):

self.start_time = time.time()

return

def process_view(self, request, func, *args, **kwargs):

if request.path != reverse('index'):

return None

start = time.time()

response = func(request)

costed = time.time() - start

print('process view: {:.2f}s'.format(costed))

return response

def process_exception(self, request, exception):

pass

def process_template_response(self, request, response):

return response

def process_response(self, request, response):

costed = time.time() - self.start_time

print('process response cose: {:.2f}s'.format(costed))

return response

作用是测试加载视图和程序响应的速度

我们如果需要在请求头里面加东西，都可以在 process_template_response 这边添加

修改 urls

from django.conf.urls import url

from django.contrib import admin

from django.urls import path

from student_sys.views import IndexView

urlpatterns = [

url(r'^$', IndexView.as_view(), name='index'),

path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

]

效果如下

编写 TestCase

from django.test import TestCase, Client

# Create your tests here.

from .models import Student

class StudentTestCase(TestCase):

def setUp(self):

Student.objects.create(

name='sunwie',

sex=1,

email='dd@qq.com',

profession='ops',

qq='33',

phone='222'

)

Student.objects.create(

name='sunwie',

sex=1,

email='dd@qq.com',

profession='ops',

qq='33',

phone='222'

)

def test_create_and_sex_show(self):

student = Student.objects.create(

name='mufeng',

sex=1,

email='dd@qq.com',

profession='ops',

qq='33',

phone='222'

)

print(student.get_sex_display())

self.assertEqual(student.get_sex_display(),'boy','性别和展示不一致')

def test_filter(self):

Student.objects.create(

name='mufeng',

sex=1,

email='dd@qq.com',

profession='ops',

qq='33',

phone='222'

)

name = 'mufeng'

students = Student.objects.filter(name=name)

self.assertEqual(students.count(),1,'应该只存在名称为 {} 的记录'.format(name))

# view部分测试

def test_get_index(self):

client = Client()

response = client.get('/')

self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200, 'status code must be 200!')

def test_post_student(self):

client = Client()

data = dict(

name='test_for_post',

sex=1,

email='2@qq.com',

profession='程序员',

qq='33',

phone='3222'

)

response = client.post('/', data)

self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302, 'status code must be 302!')

response = client.get('/')

self.assertTrue(

b'test_for_post' in response.content,

'response must contain `test_for_post`'

)

基本上我在 github 上看到的项目，多多少少会包含一些测试

简单的学员管理系统就做完了，当然一个正常生产的项目不可能这么简单

有没有小伙伴，一起学习 python 的，有的话在下面留言