VirtualBox 安装 Amazon linux2
环境准备
1.下载镜像
https://cdn.amazonlinux.com/os-images/2.0.20201111.0/virtualbox/
2.下载引导文件
https://cdn.amazonlinux.com/os-images/2.0.20201111.0/Seed.iso
VirtualBox 版本 6.1,安装步骤不在本文范围
创建虚拟机
这边输入 linux2,VirtualBox 会帮你自动识别类型和版本,点击下一步,选择分配的内存,点击下一步,选择使用已有的虚拟硬盘文件,如下图所示:
选择在官网下载镜像 vdi 文件所在的位置,点击创建
使用 SSH 连接
安装之后,发现不知道 root 密码,然后查阅相关资料,发现需要根据自身需求,生成一个 seed.iso 的引导镜像挂载到服务器上
For on-prem images, we recommend using the NoCloud data source:
https://cloudinit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/topics/datasources/nocloud.html
On-prem images also support the AltCloud, ConfigDrive, and OVF
cloud-init data sources. More information on datasources at:
https://cloudinit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/topics/datasources.html#datasource-documentation
The seed image for NoCloud can be generated by writing two YAML files,
meta-data and user-data, and making them part of an ISO image. This ISO
needs to be attached to the virtual machine on first boot. More information on
generating the seed ISO is at:
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/amazon-linux-2-virtual-machine.html
-----BEGIN meta-data SAMPLE------
local-hostname: amazonlinux.onprem
# eth0 is the default network interface enabled in the image. You can
# configure static network settings with an entry like below.
network-interfaces: |
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.1.10
network 192.168.1.0
netmask 255.255.255.0
broadcast 192.168.1.255
gateway 192.168.1.254
-----END meta-data SAMPLE------
-----BEGIN user-data SAMPLE------
#cloud-config
# vim:syntax=yaml
users:
# A user by the name ec2-user is created in the image by default.
- default
# The following entry creates user1 and assigns a plain text password.
# Please note Security best practises recommend not using plain text password.
- name: user1
gecos: test user1 with plain passwd configured and sudo nopasswd enabled
groups: sudo
sudo: ['ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL']
plain_text_passwd: < plain text password here >
lock_passwd: false
# The following entry creates user2 and attaches a hashed password to the user.
# Hashed passwords can be generated with the following command on Amazon Linux 2:
# python -c 'import crypt,getpass; print crypt.crypt(getpass.getpass())'
- name: user2
gecos: test user2 with hashed passwd configured
passwd: < hashed password here >
lock_passwd: false
# The following entry creates user3, disables password-based login and enables an SSH public key.
- name: user3
gecos: test user3 with SSH key configured
ssh-authorized-keys:
- ssh-public-key-information
lock_passwd: true
chpasswd:
list: |
ec2-user:<plain text password here>
# In the above line, do not add any spaces after 'ec2-user:'.
# NOTE: Cloud-init applies network settings on every boot by default. To retain network settings from first
boot, uncomment the following 鈥榳rite_files鈥� section:
#write_files:
# - path: /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/80_disable_network_after_firstboot.cfg
# content: |
# # Disable network configuration after first boot
# network:
config: disabled
-----END user-data SAMPLE------
To build seed.iso from user-data and meta-data files:
$ genisoimage -output seed.iso -volid cidata -joliet -rock user-data meta-data
为了尽快进入系统·本尊·,直接使用官方的 seed.iso,默认带 sudo 的用户是 user1,密码是 amazon
重新启动系统,使用账号密码成功进入系统
修改/etc/ssh/sshd_conf 文件,开放 SSH 账号密码登录
基本命令和 CentOS 大同小异,没有多少出入。
最后的效果图如下:
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