CentOS8.x 离线安装 MySQL5.7.x 指定版本数据库

CentOS8.x 离线安装 MySQL5.7.x 指定版本数据库

• CentOS8.x 已安装 MySQL8.0.17
• 系统为：CentOS8.0.1905
• 最终安装 MySQL 版本：5.7.29

一、卸载 MySQL8

1、查看版本

mysql --version

2、查看安装的包

rpm -qa | grep mysql

3、卸载已安装 MySQL8

rpm -qa | grep mysql | xargs rpm -e --nodeps

删除 MySQL 配置文件及其目录

rm -rf /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.d

二、离线安装指定版本的 MySQL

1. 安装必要的包

yum install libncurses*

2、官网下载 tar 包

官网地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
(Looking for the latest GA version?)

Select Version: 5.7.29
Select Operating System: Source Code
Select OS Version： Generic Linux(Architecture Independent)

或者使用以下命令下载

cd /usr/local/src
wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.29-el7-x86_64.tar.gz

将离线下载的 tar 上传至 /usr/local/src 目录下

3、创建安装账户

mkdir /usr/local/mysql
useradd -s /bin/false -d /usr/local/mysql  mysql

4、安装过程

# 此过程有点长，耐心等待
tar -xvzf mysql-5.7.21-el7-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/mysql/
cd /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.21-el7-x86_64/
mv * ../
cd ..
rmdir mysql-5.7.21-el7-x86_64/
mkdir data
chown -R mysql.mysql ../mysql
cd bin
./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --initialize

安装完成后在最后会显示 root 密码

拷贝可执行配置文件

cd /usr/local/mysql
cp ../support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

5、配置过程

MySQL 配置文件 /etc/my.cnf 中内容如下：

[mysqld]
port = 3306
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.pid
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/error.log
character_set_server=utf8
user=mysql
max_connections=1500
symbolic-links=0
# 东八区时区，北京时区
default-time-zone = '+8:00'
sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
# 导入包允许的大小设置
max_allowed_packet=1024M
# 忽略表名大小写;1表示忽略大小写,0表示解析大小写
lower_case_table_names=1

!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

6、启动服务并登陆

常用命令

# 启动命令
service mysqld start 或者 /etc/init.d/mysqld start
# 停止命令
service mysqld stop 或者 /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
# 重启命令
service mysqld restart 或者 /etc/init.d/mysqld restart

登陆命令

./bin/mysql -u root -p'zisTBE)I8*/0'

7、修改密码并允许远程连接

mysql> set password=password('123456');
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root';
mysql> flush privileges;

如果远程还连接不上，看下是否防火墙开启了？

8、添加环境变量

vim /etc/profile

# mysql
PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH

添加环境变量

保存退出后，使用 source /etc/profile 使其生效。

三、MySQL 自启

# 查看MySQL是否自启
systemctl is-enabled mysqld

如下图，显示 disabled，MySQL 默认非自启

# 开启自启
systemctl enable mysqld

如下图

四、防火墙放行 3306 端口

如果你的防火墙已经关闭，可忽略此操作。

# 永久开放3306端口
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp
# 重启防火墙
systemctl restart firewalld
# 检测设定是否生效
iptables -nL | grep 3306

五、其他问题

问题 1：yum 仓库无法更新问题

在使用 yum repolist 列出仓库中的包时，出现 Error: Failed to synchronize cache for repo 'AppStream'
由于其原有的默认的源配置文件被我删除过，然后 CentOS8 换过阿里的源，在卸载 MySQL8 之后重新安装后出现上述问题；解决参照：CentOS8 使用阿里源。

将原来文件中 $releasever 替换为 8.0.1905，将 $basearch 替换为 x86_64，然后再使用 yum clean all && yum makecache 即可

正常的 CentOS-Base.repo 内容如下

# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the 
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
 
[base]
name=CentOS-8.0.1905 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/8.0.1905/BaseOS/x86_64/os/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/8.0.1905/BaseOS/x86_64/os/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/8.0.1905/BaseOS/x86_64/os/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Official
 
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-8.0.1905 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/8.0.1905/extras/x86_64/os/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/8.0.1905/extras/x86_64/os/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/8.0.1905/extras/x86_64/os/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Official
 
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-8.0.1905 - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/8.0.1905/centosplus/x86_64/os/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/8.0.1905/centosplus/x86_64/os/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/8.0.1905/centosplus/x86_64/os/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Official
 
[PowerTools]
name=CentOS-8.0.1905 - PowerTools - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/8.0.1905/PowerTools/x86_64/os/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/8.0.1905/PowerTools/x86_64/os/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/8.0.1905/PowerTools/x86_64/os/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Official


[AppStream]
name=CentOS-8.0.1905 - AppStream - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/8.0.1905/AppStream/x86_64/os/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/8.0.1905/AppStream/x86_64/os/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/8.0.1905/AppStream/x86_64/os/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Official

版权声明

作者：静美书斋
链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/ee018b20a6e6
来源：简书
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