p2 questions

chapter 1 cell structure

• M18-22 p2-2018.pdf - p2 - 1abc

  • p2-2018.pdf - p2 - (a) scan vs transmission microscope #al1/1 microscopy#
  • p2-2018.pdf - p2 - b. structural feature between golgi body vs ER #al1/2 organelles#
  • p2-2018.pdf - p2 - c. calculation #al1/1 microscopy#
  • d. p2-2018.pdf - p3 - i. the fluid mosaic model #al4/1.1 membrane structure#
  • d.p2-2018.pdf - p3 - ii. the membrane permeability #al4/1.1 membrane structure#

• S18-22 p2-2018.pdf - p34 - 1

  • p2-2018.pdf - p34 - a. identify organelles #al1/2 organelles#

  • p2-2018.pdf - p34 - b. magnification calculation #al1/1 microscopy#

  • p2-2018.pdf - p34 - c. what organelles can seen in electron but not light microscope #al1/1 microscopy# #al1/2 organelles#

    • 基本除了 nucleus, chloroplast, tonoplast, mitochondrion, vacuole 以外
      

• S18-23 p2-2018.pdf - p51 - 2

  • p2-2018.pdf - p51 - a. naked eyes vs light microscope #al1/1 microscopy#
  • p2-2018.pdf - p51 - b. explain ER can not be observed by light microscope #al1/1 microscopy# #al1/2 organelles#

• S18-23 6 p2-2018.pdf - p65 - (b)

  • p2-2018.pdf - p65 - (b) pro vs euk #al1/2.6 pro vs euk#

• W18-22 4 p2-2018.pdf - p92 - (a)

  • p2-2018.pdf - p92 - (a) structure features of viruses --- w18-23 的题可以替代 #al1/2.7 virus#

• W18-23 p2-2018.pdf - p102 - 1

  • p2-2018.pdf - p102 - a. golgi body role #al1/2 organelles#
  • b.p2-2018.pdf - p103 - i. mit role #al1/2 organelles#
  • b.p2-2018.pdf - p103 - ii. mitoch has DNA inside #al1/2 organelles#
  • c. p2-2018.pdf - p103 - i. virus structure features #al1/2.7 virus#
  • c.p2-2018.pdf - p103 - ii. (viruses) pass through **plasmodesmata **between plant cells #al1/2 organelles#

• S19-21 1p2-2019.pdf - p19 - b.

  • p2-2019.pdf - p19 - b. recognize the organelles and state the function. #al1/2 organelles#

• S19-23 3a

  • p2-2019.pdf - p56 - a. pro vs euk #al1/2.6 pro vs euk#

• w19-22 p2-2019.pdf - p86 - 3

  • p2-2019.pdf - p86 - a. the advantage of using electron microscope #al1/1 microscopy#
    
  • p2-2019.pdf - p87 - b. red blood cells #al1/2 organelles#
  • p2-2019.pdf - p87 - c. the organelles involved in protein synthesis #al1/2 organelles#

• S20-22 p2-2020.pdf - p34 - 1

  • p2-2020.pdf - p35 - b. whether a **virus **can be seen using the light **microscope // the resolution of light microscope is 200 nm **#al1/1 microscopy#
    

• S20-23 p2-2020.pdf - p56 - 4 ac

  • p2-2020.pdf - p56 - a. magnification calculation #al1/1 microscopy#
  • p2-2020.pdf - p57 - c. the role of hydrolases in lysosomes #al1/2 organelles#

• w20-22 4p2-2020.pdf - p90 - a

  • p2-2020.pdf - p90 - i. structure of nucleus and electron microscope #al1/1 microscopy# #al1/2 organelles#
  • p2-2020.pdf - p90 - ii. ER vs light microscope #al1/1 microscopy# #al1/2 organelles#

• S21-22 p2-2021.pdf - p43 - 5 a,b

  • p2-2021.pdf - p43 - a. recognize structure in microscopy diagram and give function #al1/2 organelles#
  • p2-2021.pdf - p43 - b. function of golgi body and ribosomes #al1/2 organelles#

• S21-23 p2-2021.pdf - p50 - 1a

  • p2-2021.pdf - p50 - a. the structure and function of SER and rER #al1/2 organelles#

• w21-22 p2-2021.pdf - p82 - 1a

  • p2-2021.pdf - p82 - a. compare bacterial cell vs plant cell #al1/2.6 pro vs euk#

• W21-23 6p2-2021.pdf - p111 - (b),

  • p2-2021.pdf - p111 - (b). how the structure of a nucleus is suited to its function of containing DNA #al1/1 microscopy#

chapter 2 biological molecules

• W18-23 p2-2018.pdf - p104 - 2 ***

  • a.p2-2018.pdf - p104 - i. condensation reaction of polypeptide #al2/3.1 amino acid#
  • a.p2-2018.pdf - p104 - ii. R group #al2/3.1 amino acid#
  • p2-2018.pdf - p105 - b. amylose vs cellulose, structure #al2/2.7 starch glycogen and cellulose#
  • p2-2018.pdf - p105 - c. cellulose for cell wall #al2/2.7 starch glycogen and cellulose#

• M18-22 3p2-2018.pdf - p8 - a

  • p2-2018.pdf - p8 - a. describe the hydrolysis reaction of lactose #al2/2.5 glycosidic bond#

• W18-22 p2-2018.pdf - p98 - 5

  • polymer and macromolecule #al2/2.2 monomer and polymer#
  • test reducing sugar #al2/1.testing for biological molecules#

• M19-22 p2-2019.pdf - p5 - c

  • p2-2019.pdf - p5 - c. the structure level of protein #al2/3.2 protein structure levels#

• S19-21 1p2-2019.pdf - p18 - a ***

  • p2-2019.pdf - p18 - a. the structure level of protein #al2/3.2 protein structure levels#

• S19-21 p2-2019.pdf - p22 - 2ab **

  • p2-2019.pdf - p22 - a. fatty acid saturation and the fluidity #al2/2.9 lipids#
  • b.p2-2019.pdf - p23 - i. triglycerides and phospholipids are not polymers #al2/2.9 lipids#
  • b.p2-2019.pdf - p23 - ii structural differences between phospholipids and triglycerides #al2/2.9 lipids#

• S19-22 5p2-2019.pdf - p44 - a

  • p2-2019.pdf - p44 - a. identify the monomers and polymers #al2/2.2 monomer and polymer#

• w19-22 p2-2019.pdf - p89 - 4ab

  • p2-2019.pdf - p89 - a. polymer, monomer and chemical bonds #al2/2.2 monomer and polymer#
  • p2-2019.pdf - p89 - b. ** structural differences between amylose and cellulose #al2/2.7 starch glycogen and cellulose#

• w19-23 p2-2019.pdf - p98 - 1abcd ***

  • p2-2019.pdf - p98 - a. haemoglobin structure and function #al2/3.4 globular protein#
  • p2-2019.pdf - p98 - b. globular protein #al2/3.4 globular protein#
  • p2-2019.pdf - p99 - c. polypeptide, polymer #al2/2.2 monomer and polymer#
  • p2-2019.pdf - p99 - d. aa sequence to the protein function (heamoglobin) #al2/3.2 protein structure levels#

• S20-22 4p2-2020.pdf - p41 - (c) collagen

  • p2-2020.pdf - p41 - c.i. the covalent bond between the amino acids #al2/3.1 amino acid#
  • p2-2020.pdf - p41 - c.ii ** collagen polypeptide structure and the collagen function #al2/3.7 fibrous protein#

• S20-22 p2-2020.pdf - p42 - 5 b

  • p2-2020.pdf - p42 - b. chemical bonds between sugar monomers #al2/2.2 monomer and polymer#

• S20-23 p2-2020.pdf - p56 - 4bd

  • p2-2020.pdf - p56 - b. ** phospholipid is suitable for cell membrane #al2/2.9 lipids#
  • p2-2020.pdf - p57 - d. experiment design to test non-reducing sugar #al2/1.testing for biological molecules#

• W20-22 p2-2020.pdf - p93 - 5 a

  • p2-2020.pdf - p93 - a. sucrose are made of a-glucose and fructose #al2/2.4 reducing and non-reducing sugar#

• W20-23 p2-2020.pdf - p111 - 5 ab,

  • p2-2020.pdf - p111 - a. polypeptide condensation reaction #al2/3.1 amino acid#
  • a.p2-2020.pdf - p111 - iii. the importance of glycine in a collagen #al2/3.7 fibrous protein#
  • p2-2020.pdf - p112 - b. *** collagen function and structure #al2/3.7 fibrous protein#

• S21-23 1p2-2021.pdf - p50 - (b), 3p2-2021.pdf - p54 - (b), 4p2-2021.pdf - p56 - (a)

  • 1.p2-2021.pdf - p50 - b. the structure of phospholipid #al2/2.9 lipids#
  • 3.p2-2021.pdf - p54 - b. ** the peptide bond vs the bond in tertiary structure #al2/3.2 protein structure levels#
  • 4.p2-2021.pdf - p56 - a. define disaccharide and polysaccharide #al2/2.2 monomer and polymer#

• w21-22 3p2-2021.pdf - p86 - (c)

  • p2-2021.pdf - p86 - (c). the structure of protein polyhedrin #al2/3.2 protein structure levels#

• W21-23 1p2-2021.pdf - p99 - (b), 4p2-2021.pdf - p106 - (a),6p2-2021.pdf - p111 - (a)

  • 1.p2-2021.pdf - p99 - b ** haemoglobin amino acid change and protein function #al2/3.4 globular protein# #al2/3.2 protein structure levels#
  • 4.p2-2021.pdf - p106 - a. cellulose to microfibril #al2/2.7 starch glycogen and cellulose#
  • 6.p2-2021.pdf - p111 - a compare DNA and collagen #al2/3.7 fibrous protein#

chapter 3. enzymes

• M17-22 9700_m17_qp_22.pdf - p6 - 3ab

  • a. identify competitive and non-competitive inhibitors #al3/2.1 affecting factors#
  • b. compare Vmax, and Km #al3/2.2 Vmax and Km#

• W18-22 2Cp2-2018.pdf - p89 - (iii)

  • c.p2-2018.pdf - p89 - (iii) . the effects of non-competitive inhibitors on enzymes #al3/2.1 affecting factors#

• S18-22 6p2-2018.pdf - p46 - (a)

  • p2-2018.pdf - p46 - (a) the effects of competitive inhibitors on enzymes #al3/2.1 affecting factors#

• M18-22 39700_m18_qp_22.pdf - p9 - (b) c

  • p2-2018.pdf - p9 - b.i. the commercial use of enzymes #al3/2.4 the commercial application#
  • p2-2018.pdf - p9 - b.ii. immobilized enzymes #al3/2.4 the commercial application#
  • p2-2018.pdf - p9 - b.iii. the immobilized enzymes #al3/2.4 the commercial application#
  • p2-2018.pdf - p9 - c. outline the investigation of enzyme catalysed reaction *** #al3/1.3 investigate the enzyme reaction#

• S19-22 p2-2019.pdf - p46 - 6 ***

  • p2-2019.pdf - p46 - a.i. describe the measurement of reaction *** #al3/1.3 investigate the enzyme reaction#
  • p2-2019.pdf - p46 - a.ii. surface area #al3/2.1 affecting factors#
  • p2-2019.pdf - p47 - b. the temperature affects enzyme activity #al3/2.1 affecting factors#

• S19-21 p2-2019.pdf - p24 - 3

  • a.p2-2019.pdf - p24 - i. experiment analysis #al3/1.3 investigate the enzyme reaction#
  • a.p2-2019.pdf - p25 - ii. result explanation, copper and potassium #al3/1.3 investigate the enzyme reaction#
  • p2-2019.pdf - p25 - b. immobilised enzymes 经典答案 #al3/2.4 the commercial application#

• M19-22 2p2-2019.pdf - p4 - a

  • p2-2019.pdf - p4 - a. the feature of enzymes 经典答案 #al3/1.1 mode of enzyme action#

• W20-23 5 p2-2020.pdf - p112 - (c)d

  • p2-2020.pdf - p112 - c. the induced fit model 经典答案 #al3/1.3 investigate the enzyme reaction#
  • p2-2020.pdf - p113 - d. the effects of pH #al3/2.1 affecting factors#

• W20-22 5 bp2-2020.pdf - p94 - (c)

  • p2-2020.pdf - p93 - b. the feature of enzymes #al3/1.1 mode of enzyme action#
  • p2-2020.pdf - p94 - c. commercial use of enzymes#al3/2.4 the commercial application#

• S20-23 p2-2020.pdf - p58 - 4e .f, 除了 KM 外，整个题都比较综合

  • p2-2020.pdf - p58 - e.i. Km #al3/2.2 Vmax and Km#
  • p2-2020.pdf - p58 - e.ii. the lysosome
  • p2-2020.pdf - p58 - e.iii. intracellular and extracellular enzymes
  • p2-2020.pdf - p59 - f. the ph #al3/2.1 affecting factors#

• S20-22 5bp2-2020.pdf - p43 - (iii)

  • p2-2020.pdf - p43 - (iii).induced fit model #al3/1.1 mode of enzyme action#

• W21-23 p2-2021.pdf - p100 - 2 ***

  • p2-2021.pdf - p100 - a. calculate the initial rate #al3/1.3 investigate the enzyme reaction#
  • b.p2-2021.pdf - p100 - i. competitive inhibitor #al3/2.1 affecting factors#
  • b.p2-2021.pdf - p101 - ii. temperature #al3/2.1 affecting factors#
  • p2-2021.pdf - p101 - c. initial rate #al3/1.3 investigate the enzyme reaction#

chapter 4. membrane transport

• M18-22 1d

  • d.p2-2018.pdf - p3 - (i. the fluid mosaic model #al4/1.1 membrane structure#
  • d.p2-2018.pdf - p3 - ii. the membrane permeability #al4/1.1 membrane structure#

• S18-22 3p2-2018.pdf - p39 - (b)

  • b.i passive #al4/2.1 transport#
  • b.ii. the feature of transport protein #al4/2.1 transport#

• S18-23 1p2-2018.pdf - p52 - (c)

  • ii.facilitated diffusion #al4/2.1 transport#
  • iii. cell signalling #al4/1.4 cell signalling#

• w18-22 3p2-2018.pdf - p91 - (c)

  • cell signalling #al4/1.4 cell signalling#

• m19-22 5p2-2019.pdf - p12 - bc

  • b.p2-2019.pdf - p13 - ii. visking tubing #al4/2.2 transport investigation#
  • p2-2019.pdf - p13 - c. glucose crosses cell membrane by facilitated diffusion #al4/2.1 transport#
  • p2-2019.pdf - p14 - d. cell signalling #al4/1.4 cell signalling#

• M19-21 p2-2019.pdf - p22 - 2ac

  • p2-2019.pdf - p22 - 2a. membrane fluidity, unsaturated fatty acid #al4/1.1 membrane structure#
  • 2p2-2019.pdf - p23 - c. cell signalling #al4/1.4 cell signalling#

• M19-22 5p2-2019.pdf - p45 - b

  • p2-2019.pdf - p45 - b. phospholipid, bilayer #al4/1.1 membrane structure#

• W19-22 3p2-2019.pdf - p88 - (d) e

  • p2-2019.pdf - p88 - (d).diffusion and surface #al4/2.2 transport investigation#
  • p2-2019.pdf - p88 - e. water potential, osmosis and red blood cells #al4/2.6 osmosis#

• W19-23 p2-2019.pdf - p110 - 6

  • the cell membrane structure #al4/1.1 membrane structure#

• S20-23 p2-2020.pdf - p62 - 6 osmosis #al4/2.6 osmosis#

• w20-23 p2-2020.pdf - p114 - 6 p2-2020.pdf - p115 - b

  • p2-2020.pdf - p115 - b.i. endocytosis process #al4/2.1 transport#
  • p2-2020.pdf - p115 - b.ii. lysosome function #al4/2.1 transport#

• S21-22 2p2-2021.pdf - p38 - (b) , 4p2-2021.pdf - p41 - (b)

  • 2p2-2021.pdf - p38 - (b) . cell membrane #al4/1.1 membrane structure#
  • 2.p2-2021.pdf - p38 - c. receptor #al4/1.4 cell signalling#
  • 4p2-2021.pdf - p41 - (b) .SA/V #al4/2.2 transport investigation#

• W21-22 1p2-2021.pdf - p82 - (b)

  • 1p2-2021.pdf - p82 - (b) . cell membrane function and structure #al4/1.1 membrane structure#

Chapter 5. the mitotic cell cycle

• W18-23 3p2-2018.pdf - p108 - bcd telomeres #al5/1.4 telomeres#

• W18-23 6

  • 6p2-2018.pdf - p114 - a. mitosis process #al5/1.3 mitotic events#
  • 6p2-2018.pdf - p115 - b. the importance of mitosis #al5/1.2 the importance of mitosis#

• W18-22 p2-2018.pdf - p91 - 3

  • p2-2018.pdf - p91 - a. the importance of mitosis #al5/1.2 the importance of mitosis#
  • p2-2018.pdf - p91 - b. role stem cell #al5/1.5 stem cell#

• S18-23 p2-2018.pdf - p50 - 1

  • p2-2018.pdf - p50 - a.b. identify the stage of mitosis #al5/2.2 identify mitotic cells#
  • p2-2018.pdf - p50 - c. describe the mitosis events #al5/1.3 mitotic events#

• S18-22 p2-2018.pdf - p42 - 4

  • p2-2018.pdf - p42 - a.p2-2018.pdf - p42 - b. mitotic events #al5/1.3 mitotic events#
  • p2-2018.pdf - p42 - c. microscopy? #al1/1 microscopy#

• M18-22 6p2-2018.pdf - p13 - b

  • p2-2018.pdf - p13 - i. identification #al5/2.2 identify mitotic cells#
  • p2-2018.pdf - p13 - iii. mitotic event #al5/1.3 mitotic events#

• w19-23 p2-2019.pdf - p100 - 2

  • p2-2019.pdf - p101 - a. identify the stage of mitosis #al5/2.2 identify mitotic cells#
  • p2-2019.pdf - p101 - b. mitotic index #al5/2.2 identify mitotic cells#
  • p2-2019.pdf - p101 - c. cytokinesis event #al5/1.3 mitotic events#

• w19-22 p2-2019.pdf - p94 - 6 telomeres

  • p2-2019.pdf - p94 - a. the importance of telomeres #al5/1.4 telomeres#
  • p2-2019.pdf - p94 - b. telomeres and cancer and stem cells #al5/1.4 telomeres#

• S19-21 p2-2019.pdf - p26 - 4

  • p2-2019.pdf - p27 - a. the importance of stem cell #al5/1.5 stem cell#
  • p2-2019.pdf - p27 - b. describe the cell division #al5/1.3 mitotic events#

• M19-22 p2-2019.pdf - p15 - 6

  • p2-2019.pdf - p15 - a. the importance of mitosis #al5/1.2 the importance of mitosis#
  • p2-2019.pdf - p15 - b. spindle fibre #al5/2.1 chromosome and spindle#

• W20-23 p2-2020.pdf - p106 - 3

  • p2-2020.pdf - p106 - a. DNA change during mitosis #al5/2.1 chromosome and spindle#
  • p2-2020.pdf - p108 - b. role of stem cells #al5/1.5 stem cell#

• W20-22 p2-2020.pdf - p90 - 4b

  • p2-2020.pdf - p91 - b. the mitotic events #al5/1.3 mitotic events#

• w20-21 6p2-2020.pdf - p79 - i

  • ap2-2020.pdf - p79 - i. cancer development #al5/1.6 cancer#

• S20-23 p2-2020.pdf - p60 - 5

  • p2-2020.pdf - p60 - b. the role of each stage #al5/1.3 mitotic events#
  • p2-2020.pdf - p61 - d. the role of mitosis #al5/1.2 the importance of mitosis#

• S20-22 p2-2020.pdf - p45 - 6

  • p2-2020.pdf - p45 - a. the stages of mitosis #al5/1.3 mitotic events#
  • p2-2020.pdf - p46 - b. the events of mitosis #al5/1.3 mitotic events#

• w21-22 1p2-2021.pdf - p83 - (d),

  • p2-2021.pdf - p83 - (d). identify the cells #al5/2.2 identify mitotic cells#

• S21-23 p2-2021.pdf - p62 - 6

  • p2-2021.pdf - p63 - b. chromosome structure #al5/1.1 chromosome structure#
  • p2-2021.pdf - p63 - c. mitotic events #al5/1.3 mitotic events#
  • p2-2021.pdf - p63 - d. mitotic stages #al5/1.3 mitotic events#

• S21-22 p2-2021.pdf - p34 - 1

  • a.p2-2021.pdf - p34 - i. identify the cells #al5/2.2 identify mitotic cells#
  • a.p2-2021.pdf - p34 - ii. the function of microtubules #al5/2.1 chromosome and spindle#

Chapter 6. nucleic acid and protein synthesis

• W18-22 p2-2018.pdf - p98 - 5

  • p2-2018.pdf - p98 - a. RNA, polymer, macromolecule #al6/1.3 DNA and RNA#
  • p2-2018.pdf - p98 - b. reducing sugar test
  • p2-2018.pdf - p99 - c. DNA nucleotide vs RNA #al6/1.3 DNA and RNA#

• S18-22 p2-2018.pdf - p36 - 2 ***综合

  • p2-2018.pdf - p36 - a.i. ATGC name #al6/1.1 nucleotide#
  • p2-2018.pdf - p36 - a.ii. DNA structure #al6/1.3 DNA and RNA#
  • p2-2018.pdf - p37 - b. nucleotide structure #al6/1.1 nucleotide#
  • p2-2018.pdf - p37 - c. protein structure #al2/3.2 protein structure levels#

• W18-23 p2-2018.pdf - p107 - 3abcd telomeres

  • p2-2018.pdf - p107 - ai. nucleotide structure #al6/1.1 nucleotide#
  • p2-2018.pdf - p107 - a.ii. DNA vs RNA #al6/1.3 DNA and RNA#
  • p2-2018.pdf - p108 - b. DNA replication #al6/1.4 DNA replication#
  • p2-2018.pdf - p109 - c. DNA structure #al6/1.3 DNA and RNA#

• S18-23 3p2-2018.pdf - p56 - (d) mutation ** #al6/2.6 mutation#

• S18-23 4p2-2018.pdf - p60 - (d) mutation Hbs 经典 Hb 问题 #al6/2.6 mutation#

  • 

• M18-22 p2-2018.pdf - p12 - 6 p2-2018.pdf - p12 - a. DNA replication #al6/1.4 DNA replication#

• w19-23 3p2-2019.pdf - p104 - (b) microRNA, translation #al6/2.4 translation#

• w19-22 4p2-2019.pdf - p90 - (c) semi-conservative replication #al6/1.4 DNA replication#

  • 

• S19-23 p2-2019.pdf - p50 - 1

  • p2-2019.pdf - p50 - a. DNA structure #al6/1.3 DNA and RNA#
  • p2-2019.pdf - p50 - b. DNA structure #al6/1.3 DNA and RNA#
  • p2-2019.pdf - p50 - c. replication process #al6/1.4 DNA replication#

• S19-21 p2-2019.pdf - p30 - 6

  • p2-2019.pdf - p30 - a. DNA structure #al6/1.3 DNA and RNA#
  • p2-2019.pdf - p30 - b. tRNA structure and function #al6/2.4 translation#

• M19-22 6p2-2019.pdf - p15 - c nucleotide #al6/1.1 nucleotide#

• W20-22 p2-2020.pdf - p84 - 2bc,

  • p2-2020.pdf - p85 - b. transcription #al6/2.3 transcription#
  • p2-2020.pdf - p86 - c. mutation, rifampicin, RNA polumerase #al6/2.6 mutation#

• S20-22 p2-2020.pdf - p42 - 5(b) nucleotide #al6/1.1 nucleotide#

• W21-23 1

  • p2-2021.pdf - p98 - (a) translation process #al6/2.4 translation#
  • p2-2021.pdf - p99 - (b) mutation.

• w21-22 3p2-2021.pdf - p87 - (d)5p2-2021.pdf - p90 - (a)

  • 3p2-2021.pdf - p87 - (d). codon*** #al6/2.4 translation#
  • 5p2-2021.pdf - p90 - (a) . RNA structure #al6/1.3 DNA and RNA#

• S21-23 3p2-2021.pdf - p54 - (a). translation #al6/2.4 translation#

  • 

• S21-22 1p2-2021.pdf - p35 - (b) replication process #al6/1.4 DNA replication#

‍

‍

Chapter 7. transport in plant

• W18-22 p2-2018.pdf - p88 - 2

  • p2-2018.pdf - p88 - a. xerophytic #al7/2.5.xerophytic#

  • p2-2018.pdf - p88 - b. phleom transport assimilates #al7/2.6.assimilates transport#

    • ii.

• S18-23 p2-2018.pdf - p54 - 3

  • p2-2018.pdf - p54 - a. **explain xerophytic plants reduce water loss #al7/2.5.xerophytic#

    • 

  • p2-2018.pdf - p55 - b. phloem #al7/2.6.assimilates transport#

  • p2-2018.pdf - p55 - c. ** source and sink #al7/2.6.assimilates transport#

    • 

• S18-22 p2-2018.pdf - p35 - (d)1

  • p2-2018.pdf - p35 - i. definition of apoplastic pathway #al7/2.1.water transport#
  • p2-2018.pdf - p35 - ii. transpiration, water properties vs water movement to the air spaces in the leaf #al7/2.1.water transport#
  • p2-2018.pdf - p35 - iii. water vapour diffusion #al7/2.1.water transport#

• M18-22 p2-2018.pdf - p10 - 4

  • p2-2018.pdf - p10 - a. the movement of water from the soil to the cortex #al7/2.1.water transport#
  • p2-2018.pdf - p10 - b. mit in root #al7/2.1.water transport#

• w19-22 p2-2019.pdf - p82 - 1

  • p2-2019.pdf - p82 - a. identify the phloem in the graph #al7/1.1.recognition and destribution#

  • p2-2019.pdf - p82 - b. state the role of phloem sieve tubes #al7/2.6.assimilates transport#

    • 

  • p2-2019.pdf - p83 - c. the epidermics/microscopy #al7/1.1.recognition and destribution#

  • p2-2019.pdf - p83 - d. draw plant cell

• s19-23 p2-2019.pdf - p58 - 4

  • p2-2019.pdf - p58 - a. phloem sieve tube element vs xylem vessel element #al7/1.4.structure and function phloem and xylem#

    • 
    • 

  • p2-2019.pdf - p58 - b. sucrose experiment #al2/1.testing for biological molecules#

• s19-22 p2-2019.pdf - p34 - 1

  • p2-2019.pdf - p34 - a. the structural feature of the stem #al7/1.1.recognition and destribution#

  • p2-2019.pdf - p34 - b. the function of large vacuole #al7/3.others#

    • 

  • p2-2019.pdf - p35 - c. identify the vascular bundle #al7/1.1.recognition and destribution#

  • p2-2019.pdf - p35 - d. phloem sieve tube element vs xylem vessel element #al7/1.4.structure and function phloem and xylem#

• s19-21 4p2-2019.pdf - p27 - c sieve tube elements, structure vs function #al7/1.4.structure and function phloem and xylem#

• m19-22 p2-2019.pdf - p2 - 1

  • p2-2019.pdf - p3 - a. identify the tissues in leaf #al7/1.1.recognition and destribution#
  • p2-2019.pdf - p3 - b. compare the micrograph, xerophytic features #al7/1.1.recognition and destribution#
  • p2-2019.pdf - p3 - c. transpiration and gas exchange #al7/2.1.water transport#

• w20-23 p2-2020.pdf - p104 - 2

  • p2-2020.pdf - p105 - a. function vs structure, mesophyll cells, sieve tube element #al7/1.4.structure and function phloem and xylem#
  • p2-2020.pdf - p105 - b. movement of sucrose in leaves #al7/1.4.structure and function phloem and xylem#

• w20-22 p2-2020.pdf - p82 - 1

  • p2-2020.pdf - p82 - a. the movement of water in leaf #al7/2.1.water transport#
  • p2-2020.pdf - p83 - b. the transpiration of water in leaf #al7/2.1.water transport#

• s20-23 p2-2020.pdf - p50 - 1

  • p2-2020.pdf - p50 - a. identify the xylem #al7/1.1.recognition and destribution#
  • p2-2020.pdf - p50 - b. water property, movement in xylem #al7/2.1.water transport#
  • p2-2020.pdf - p51 - c. the movement of water between cells #al7/2.1.water transport#
  • cp2-2020.pdf - p51 - ii. the feature of parenchyma cell #al7/3.others#

• s20-22 p2-2020.pdf - p42 - 5(a) ** hydrostatic pressure and water movement #al7/2.6.assimilates transport#

  • 
  • 

• w21-23 4p2-2021.pdf - p107 - (c) stomata and transpiration #al7/2.1.water transport#

• w21-22 p2-2021.pdf - p88 - 4, transpiration #al7/2.1.water transport#

  • p2-2021.pdf - p88 - a. water property #al7/2.1.water transport#

  • p2-2021.pdf - p88 - b. transpiration and gas exchage #al7/2.1.water transport#

    • i.
    • ii.

  • p2-2021.pdf - p89 - ii.-iv. transpiration and leaf feature #al7/2.1.water transport#

    • iii.
    • iv.

• s21-23 4p2-2021.pdf - p56 - (b)

  • p2-2021.pdf - p56 - i. draw the sieve tube element #al7/1.4.structure and function phloem and xylem#

  • p2-2021.pdf - p57 - ii. the change of water potential & hydrostatic pressure #al7/2.6.assimilates transport#

    • 

• s21-22 p2-2021.pdf - p36 - 2

  • p2-2021.pdf - p36 - a. ** photosynthesis, transpiration #al7/2.1.water transport#

    • 

  • p2-2021.pdf - p36 - b. the feature of companion cell, sieve element and xylem element #al7/1.4.structure and function phloem and xylem#

    • 

• s22-22 9700_s22_qp_22.pdf - p16 - 6

  • 9700_s22_qp_22.pdf - p16 - a. ions in phloem
  • 9700_s22_qp_22.pdf - p16 - b. the feature of phloem tissue

Chapter 8. transport in animals

• W18-23 p2-2018.pdf - p110 - 4 SAN AVN Purkyne fibres #al8/3.2 cardiac cycle#

  • 

• W18-22 2p2-2018.pdf - p90 - (d)

  • p2-2018.pdf - p90 - i. *** blood pressure and cardiac cycle event #al8/3.2 cardiac cycle#

    • 

  • p2-2018.pdf - p90 - ii. muscle cell contract and heart failure #al8/3.2 cardiac cycle#

    • 

• w18-22 p2-2018.pdf - p100 - 6

  • p2-2018.pdf - p100 - b. ** red blood cell #al8/2 O2 and CO2 transport#

    • 

• S18-23 2p2-2018.pdf - p53 - d) . * red blood cell can not metabolise fatty acids #al8/2 O2 and CO2 transport#

• S18-23 4p2-2018.pdf - p59 - (b) ** the advantages of oxygen dissociation curve #al8/2 O2 and CO2 transport#

  • 

• M18-22 p2-2018.pdf - p11 - 5

  • p2-2018.pdf - p11 - a. ***outline the role of SAN and AVN #al8/3.2 cardiac cycle#

    • 

  • p2-2018.pdf - p11 - b. ** the structure of blood vessel #al8/1.2 blood vessels#

    • 
    • 

• w19-23 p2-2019.pdf - p104 - 4

  • p2-2019.pdf - p104 - a. ***explain artery structure and function #al8/1.2 blood vessels#

    • 

  • p2-2019.pdf - p105 - b.i. identify/the structure feature red blood cells under microscopy #al8/1.5 blood cells#

    • 

  • p2-2019.pdf - p105 - b.ii. *** differences between arteriole and capillary #al8/1.2 blood vessels#

    • 

  • p2-2019.pdf - p106 - c. the formation of tissue fluid

• S19-23 p2-2019.pdf - p60 - 5

  • a.p2-2019.pdf - p60 - i. cell recognition and function #al8/1.5 blood cells#
  • a.p2-2019.pdf - p60 - ii. red blood cell, osmosis #al8/1.5 blood cells#

• S19-23 p2-2019.pdf - p63 - 6

  • p2-2019.pdf - p63 - a. ** 标记组织名称 heart structure and function #al8/3.1 heart structure and function#

  • p2-2019.pdf - p64 - c. the disadvantage that cardiac cell can not divide #al8/3.1 heart structure and function#

    • 

• S19-22 p2-2019.pdf - p38 - 3

  • p2-2019.pdf - p38 - a. ***recognize blood cells #al8/1.5 blood cells#
  • c.p2-2019.pdf - p39 - ii. #al8/2 O2 and CO2 transport#
  • p2-2019.pdf - p40 - d. mutation HB #al8/2 O2 and CO2 transport#

• S19-21 p2-2019.pdf - p28 - 5

  • p2-2019.pdf - p28 - a. **closed **and double circulation system #al8/1.1 circulation system#

    ‍

  • p2-2019.pdf - p28 - b. **recognize the structure in diagraph #al8/3.1 heart structure and function#

    • 

  • p2-2019.pdf - p29 - c. #al8/3.2 cardiac cycle#

    • 
    • 

• M19-22 2p2-2019.pdf - p4 - b, carbonic anhydrase #al8/2 O2 and CO2 transport#

  • 

• M19-22 p2-2019.pdf - p10 - 4

  • p2-2019.pdf - p10 - a. the thickness of heart wall #al8/3.1 heart structure and function#

• W20-22 p2-2020.pdf - p96 - 6

  • p2-2020.pdf - p96 - a. bohr effect, the effects on CO2. #al8/2 O2 and CO2 transport#

    • 

  • p2-2020.pdf - p97 - b. *** transport, CO2 and HCO3- #al8/2 O2 and CO2 transport#

    • 

• S20-23 p2-2020.pdf - p54 - 3

  • p2-2020.pdf - p54 - a. identify blood vessel and give the reasons #al8/1.2 blood vessels#

    • 

  • p2-2020.pdf - p55 - b. #al8/1.6 blood, tissue fluid and lymph#

    • 

• S20-22 p2-2020.pdf - p36 - 2,**** #al8/3.2 cardiac cycle#

  • a. atrial systole

    • 

  • b. AVN

    • 

  • c. blood pressure chart

    • 

• s20-22 6(p2-2020.pdf - p47 - c), compare the blood cells #al8/1.5 blood cells#

  • 

• W21-23 p2-2021.pdf - p103 - 3

  • a.p2-2021.pdf - p103 - i. *** tricky, identify red blood cell #al8/1.5 blood cells#

    • 

  • a.p2-2021.pdf - p103 - ii.** tissue fluid vs blood plasma #al8/1.6 blood, tissue fluid and lymph#

    • 

  • b.p2-2021.pdf - p104 - i. o2 dissociation curve #al8/2 O2 and CO2 transport#

    • 

  • b.p2-2021.pdf - p105 - ii. high altitude #al8/2 O2 and CO2 transport#

    • 

• w21-22 p2-2021.pdf - p84 - 2

  • p2-2021.pdf - p84 - a. red blood cells do not leave capillary #al8/1.6 blood, tissue fluid and lymph#

    • 

  • p2-2021.pdf - p85 - c. high altitude #al8/2 O2 and CO2 transport#

    • 

  • p2-2021.pdf - p85 - d. oedema, osmosis #al8/1.6 blood, tissue fluid and lymph#

    • 

• S21-23 p2-2021.pdf - p58 - 5

  • p2-2021.pdf - p58 - a, identify the cells #al8/1.5 blood cells#

    • 

  • p2-2021.pdf - p59 - b. cardiac cycle graph #al8/3.2 cardiac cycle#

  • p2-2021.pdf - p60 - (c) .COPD gas exchange, 不考了

• S21-22 p2-2021.pdf - p37 - 3,

  • p2-2021.pdf - p37 - a. blood and tissue fluid #al8/1.6 blood, tissue fluid and lymph#

    • 

• S21-22 4p2-2021.pdf - p42 - (e) * #al8/2 O2 and CO2 transport#

  • 

• ‍

Chapter 9. Gas exchange

• S18-23 4p2-2018.pdf - p58 - (a) ** Outline how oxygen enters the blood stream from an alveolus. #al9/1.7. gas exchange process#

  • 

• S18-22 p2-2018.pdf - p43 - 5a. ***Describe the gross structure of the human gas exchange system #al9/1.1.the structure of gas exchange#

  • 

• M18-22 2p2-2018.pdf - p5 - b prevent pathogens from entering cells #al9/1.5.CGM#

  • 

• S19-23 p2-2019.pdf - p52 - 2

  • p2-2019.pdf - p53 - b. the structure of alveoli #al9/1.1.the structure of gas exchange#

    • 

• W20-23 p2-2020.pdf - p102 - 1

  • p2-2020.pdf - p102 - a. identify the structures #al9/1.1.the structure of gas exchange#

• W20-22 p2-2020.pdf - p88 - 3

  • p2-2020.pdf - p88 - a. identify bronchus #al9/1.3.microscopy# #al9/1.1.the structure of gas exchange#

    • 

  • p2-2020.pdf - p89 - b. identify blood vessels #al8/1.2 blood vessels#

    • 

  • p2-2020.pdf - p89 - c. how goblet cells and cilia work together to maintain healthy lung tissue #al9/1.5.CGM#

    • 

• S20-23 3p2-2020.pdf - p55 - c. the function of smooth muscle in the gas exchange system #al9/1.1.the structure of gas exchange#

  • 

• S20-22 p2-2020.pdf - p40 - 4

  • p2-2020.pdf - p40 - bi. distribution of cartilage #al9/1.1.the structure of gas exchange#

    • 

  • p2-2020.pdf - p40 - bii. function of cartilage #al9/1.1.the structure of gas exchange#

    • 

• W21-23 6p2-2021.pdf - p111 - (c) the function of elastic fibres #al9/1.1.the structure of gas exchange#

  • 

• S21-23 5p2-2021.pdf - p60 - (c) COPD 不考

‍

Chapter 10. infectious disease

• W18-23 p2-2018.pdf - p112 - 5

  • p2-2018.pdf - p112 - a.i. name of the bacterium that causes TB #al10/1.1.infectious disease#

  • p2-2018.pdf - p112 - a.ii. Suggest and explain how the effect of phagocytes on tissues in the lungs leads to people feeling tired all the time #al10/1.1.infectious disease#

    • 

  • p2-2018.pdf - p112 - b. control TB #al10/1.4.control transmission#

    • 

• W18-22 p2-2018.pdf - p92 - 4

  • b.p2-2018.pdf - p93 - i. work on the figure

  • b.p2-2018.pdf - p94 - iii. ART and HIV #al10/1.1.infectious disease#

    • 

  • p2-2018.pdf - p96 - (c). monoclonal antibody production #al11/2.2.monoclonal antibody#

    • 
    • 

• S18-23 3p2-2018.pdf - p56 - (e) monoclonal antibody

  • e.p2-2018.pdf - p56 - i. primary response, antibody production #al11/2.2.monoclonal antibody#

    • 

  • e.p2-2018.pdf - p57 - ii. test antibody #al11/2.2.monoclonal antibody#

    • 

• S18-23 p2-2018.pdf - p64 - 6a. the feature of disease #al10/1.1.infectious disease#

  • 

• S18-22 3p2-2018.pdf - p39 - (a). how does penicillin works #al10/2.1.penicillin#

  • 

• M18-22 2p2-2018.pdf - p5 - c. the spread of TB in body #al10/1.3.transmission of disease#

  • 

• w19-22 p2-2019.pdf - p91 - 5 *** malaria

  • p2-2019.pdf - p91 - a. Outline how penicillin acts on bacterial cells. #al10/2.1.penicillin#

    • 

  • p2-2019.pdf - p91 - b. the pathogen of malaria #al10/1.1.infectious disease#

    • 

  • p2-2019.pdf - p91 - c. the mosquito is the vector for malaria #al10/1.3.transmission of disease#

    • 

  • p2-2019.pdf - p92 - d. control malaria #al10/1.4.control transmission#

    • 

  • p2-2019.pdf - p93 - e. malaria vaccine #al10/1.1.infectious disease#

    • 

• S19-23 3p2-2019.pdf - p56 - b. ***control the spread of cholera #al10/1.4.control transmission#

  • 

• S19-22 p2-2019.pdf - p41 - 4

  • p2-2019.pdf - p41 - a. the structure of V. cholerae #al10/1.1.infectious disease#

    • 

  • p2-2019.pdf - p42 - b. ***explain the fatality rate of cholera #al10/1.1.infectious disease#

    • 
    • 

  • p2-2019.pdf - p42 - c. ***the control of cholera #al10/1.4.control transmission#

    • 
    • 

• M19-22 p2-2019.pdf - p6 - 3

  • ap2-2019.pdf - p7 - i. describe the figure

    • 

  • ap2-2019.pdf - p7 - ii. role of insecticide-treated nets #al10/1.4.control transmission#

    • 

  • p2-2019.pdf - p8 - b. disease diagnosis by monoclonal antibody #al11/2.2.monoclonal antibody#

    • 
    • 

• W20-23 p2-2020.pdf - p109 - 4

  • p2-2020.pdf - p109 - a. antibiotic efficiency #al10/2.2.antibiotic resistance#

    • 

  • ap2-2020.pdf - p110 - ii. the mean that antibody works #al11/1.2. antigen and antibodies#

    • 
    • 

  • p2-2020.pdf - p110 - b. vaccine vs antibiotics #al11/2.4. vaccine and immunity#

    • 

• W20-22 p2-2020.pdf - p84 - 2a

  • p2-2020.pdf - p84 - a. combination treatment to reduce the impact of antibiotic resistance #al10/2.2.antibiotic resistance#

    • 

• S20-23 p2-2020.pdf - p52 - 2

  • p2-2020.pdf - p52 - a. insecticide control malaria #al10/1.4.control transmission#

    • 

  • p2-2020.pdf - p53 - c. secondary response #al11/1.3. immune response#

    • 

• w21-22 p2-2021.pdf - p86 - 3,

  • p2-2021.pdf - p86 - a. the definition of infectious disease #al10/1.1.infectious disease#

    • 

• w21-22. 5p2-2021.pdf - p90 - (b) , measles 不考了

• S21-23 p2-2021.pdf - p52 - 2

  • p2-2021.pdf - p52 - c. antibiotics can not treat virus #al10/2.1.penicillin#

    • 

  • p2-2021.pdf - p52 - d. antibiotics for HIV person #al10/2.2.antibiotic resistance#

    • 

Chapter 11. immunity

• W18-22 4p2-2018.pdf - p96 - (c) production of monoclonal antibody #al11/2.2.monoclonal antibody#

  • 
  • 

• S18-22 3p2-2018.pdf - p41 - (c) secondary immune response, specificity #al11/1.3. immune response#

  • 
  • 

• S18-22 6p2-2018.pdf - p46 - b) the use of monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of disease #al11/2.2.monoclonal antibody#

  • 

• M18-22 p2-2018.pdf - p4 - 2

  • p2-2018.pdf - p4 - a. the mode of action of a macrophage #al11/1.1.phagocytes#
  • 

• w19-23 p2-2019.pdf - p108 - 5

  • p2-2019.pdf - p109 - c. the production of antibodies #al11/1.3. immune response#

    • 

  • p2-2019.pdf - p109 - d. the advantage and disadvantage of artificial passive immunity #al11/2.4. vaccine and immunity#

    • 
    • 

• S19-23 39700_s19_qp_23.pdf - p9 - (c)

  • 9700_s19_qp_23.pdf - p9 - i. specificity receptor #al10/1.3.transmission of disease#

    • 

  • 9700_s19_qp_23.pdf - p10 - ii. helper T cell function #al11/1.3. immune response#

    • 

• S19-21 1b

  • p2-2019.pdf - p20 - ii make hybridoma cells #al11/2.2.monoclonal antibody#

    • 

  • p2-2019.pdf - p20 - iii. the use of monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of disease #al11/2.2.monoclonal antibody#

    • 

• M19-22 3p2-2019.pdf - p8 - b application of monoclonal antibody #al11/2.2.monoclonal antibody#

  • 
  • 

• W20-22 4

  • p2-2020.pdf - p92 - (c) the importance of clonal expansion #al11/1.3. immune response#

    • 

  • p2-2020.pdf - p92 - d. self and non-self antigen #al11/1.2. antigen and antibodies#

    • 

• S20-23 p2-2020.pdf - p52 - 2(c,d)

  • p2-2020.pdf - p53 - c. primary response vs secondary response #al11/1.3. immune response#

    • 

  • p2-2020.pdf - p54 - d. self and non self antigen, 跟 w20-22.2 一起看 #al11/1.2. antigen and antibodies#

    • 

• S20-22 1p2-2020.pdf - p35 - (c) ,With reference to Fig. 1.1, describe how the picornavirus enters the host cell. #al4/2.1 transport#

  • 

• S20-22 p2-2020.pdf - p38 - 3

  • p2-2020.pdf - p38 - a. pathogen name for TB #al10/1.1.infectious disease#

    • 

  • p2-2020.pdf - p38 - b. the transmission of TB #al10/1.3.transmission of disease#

    • 

  • p2-2020.pdf - p39 - d. *** vaccine specificity #al11/2.4. vaccine and immunity#

    • 

  • p2-2020.pdf - p39 - e. artificial active vs natural passive #al11/2.4. vaccine and immunity#

    • 

• w21-22 p2-2021.pdf - p46 - 6,

  • p2-2021.pdf - p46 - a. auto immune disease, 不考了

‍