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Tensorflow：基于 LSTM 生成藏头诗
最近在学习 TensorFlow，学习到了 RNN 这一块，相关的资料不是很多，了解到使用 RNN 可以生成藏头诗之后，我就决定拿这个下手啦！
本文不介绍 RNN 以及 LSTM 的相关基本知识，如要了解，请自行百度。
本文是在学习了 TensorFlow7: 基于 RNN 生成古诗词
这一篇博客之后继续在其基础上修改的代码，若要了解相关内容可以先去上面的博客去看一下。
【注：本博客所使用的数据、代码、模型文件均已放在百度云上：
链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1qY4mt1y 密码: 47y2】
模型生成
首先我们要训练好模型。这里采用的是 2 层的 LSTM 框架，每层有 128 个隐藏层节点，batch_size 设为 64。训练数据来源于全唐诗（可在上面百度云资源分享当中找到）。特别注意到的一点是这里每训练完一次就对训练数据做 shuffle。
源代码如下：
#!/usr/bin/python3
#-*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import collections
import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
#-------------------------------数据预处理---------------------------#
poetry_file ='poetry.txt'
# 诗集
poetrys = []
with open(poetry_file, "r") as f:
for line in f:
try:
line = line.decode('UTF-8')
line = line.strip(u'\n')
title, content = line.strip(u' ').split(u':')
content = content.replace(u' ',u'')
if u'_' in content or u'(' in content or u'（' in content or u'《' in content or u'[' in content:
continue
if len(content) < 5 or len(content) > 79:
continue
content = u'[' + content + u']'
poetrys.append(content)
except Exception as e:
pass
# 按诗的字数排序
poetrys = sorted(poetrys,key=lambda line: len(line))
print('唐诗总数: ', len(poetrys))
# 统计每个字出现次数
all_words = []
for poetry in poetrys:
all_words += [word for word in poetry]
counter = collections.Counter(all_words)
count_pairs = sorted(counter.items(), key=lambda x: -x[1])
words, _ = zip(*count_pairs)
# 取前多少个常用字
words = words[:len(words)] + (' ',)
# 每个字映射为一个数字ID
word_num_map = dict(zip(words, range(len(words))))
# 把诗转换为向量形式，参考TensorFlow练习1
to_num = lambda word: word_num_map.get(word, len(words))
poetrys_vector = [ list(map(to_num, poetry)) for poetry in poetrys]
#[[314, 3199, 367, 1556, 26, 179, 680, 0, 3199, 41, 506, 40, 151, 4, 98, 1],
#[339, 3, 133, 31, 302, 653, 512, 0, 37, 148, 294, 25, 54, 833, 3, 1, 965, 1315, 377, 1700, 562, 21, 37, 0, 2, 1253, 21, 36, 264, 877, 809, 1]
#....]
# 每次取64首诗进行训练
batch_size = 64
n_chunk = len(poetrys_vector) // batch_size
class DataSet(object):
def __init__(self,data_size):
self._data_size = data_size
self._epochs_completed = 0
self._index_in_epoch = 0
self._data_index = np.arange(data_size)
def next_batch(self,batch_size):
start = self._index_in_epoch
if start + batch_size > self._data_size:
np.random.shuffle(self._data_index)
self._epochs_completed = self._epochs_completed + 1
self._index_in_epoch = batch_size
full_batch_features ,full_batch_labels = self.data_batch(0,batch_size)
return full_batch_features ,full_batch_labels
else:
self._index_in_epoch += batch_size
end = self._index_in_epoch
full_batch_features ,full_batch_labels = self.data_batch(start,end)
if self._index_in_epoch == self._data_size:
self._index_in_epoch = 0
self._epochs_completed = self._epochs_completed + 1
np.random.shuffle(self._data_index)
return full_batch_features,full_batch_labels
def data_batch(self,start,end):
batches = []
for i in range(start,end):
batches.append(poetrys_vector[self._data_index[i]])
length = max(map(len,batches))
xdata = np.full((end - start,length), word_num_map[' '], np.int32)
for row in range(end - start):
xdata[row,:len(batches[row])] = batches[row]
ydata = np.copy(xdata)
ydata[:,:-1] = xdata[:,1:]
return xdata,ydata
#---------------------------------------RNN--------------------------------------#
input_data = tf.placeholder(tf.int32, [batch_size, None])
output_targets = tf.placeholder(tf.int32, [batch_size, None])
# 定义RNN
def neural_network(model='lstm', rnn_size=128, num_layers=2):
if model == 'rnn':
cell_fun = tf.nn.rnn_cell.BasicRNNCell
elif model == 'gru':
cell_fun = tf.nn.rnn_cell.GRUCell
elif model == 'lstm':
cell_fun = tf.nn.rnn_cell.BasicLSTMCell
cell = cell_fun(rnn_size, state_is_tuple=True)
cell = tf.nn.rnn_cell.MultiRNNCell([cell] * num_layers, state_is_tuple=True)
initial_state = cell.zero_state(batch_size, tf.float32)
with tf.variable_scope('rnnlm'):
softmax_w = tf.get_variable("softmax_w", [rnn_size, len(words)])
softmax_b = tf.get_variable("softmax_b", [len(words)])
with tf.device("/cpu:0"):
embedding = tf.get_variable("embedding", [len(words), rnn_size])
inputs = tf.nn.embedding_lookup(embedding, input_data)
outputs, last_state = tf.nn.dynamic_rnn(cell, inputs, initial_state=initial_state, scope='rnnlm')
output = tf.reshape(outputs,[-1, rnn_size])
logits = tf.matmul(output, softmax_w) + softmax_b
probs = tf.nn.softmax(logits)
return logits, last_state, probs, cell, initial_state
def load_model(sess, saver,ckpt_path):
latest_ckpt = tf.train.latest_checkpoint(ckpt_path)
if latest_ckpt:
print ('resume from', latest_ckpt)
saver.restore(sess, latest_ckpt)
return int(latest_ckpt[latest_ckpt.rindex('-') + 1:])
else:
print ('building model from scratch')
sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
return -1
#训练
def train_neural_network():
logits, last_state, _, _, _ = neural_network()
targets = tf.reshape(output_targets, [-1])
loss = tf.nn.seq2seq.sequence_loss_by_example([logits], [targets], [tf.ones_like(targets, dtype=tf.float32)], len(words))
cost = tf.reduce_mean(loss)
learning_rate = tf.Variable(0.0, trainable=False)
tvars = tf.trainable_variables()
grads, _ = tf.clip_by_global_norm(tf.gradients(cost, tvars), 5)
#optimizer = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(learning_rate)
optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate)
train_op = optimizer.apply_gradients(zip(grads, tvars))
Session_config = tf.ConfigProto(allow_soft_placement=True)
Session_config.gpu_options.allow_growth = True
trainds = DataSet(len(poetrys_vector))
with tf.Session(config=Session_config) as sess:
with tf.device('/gpu:2'):
sess.run(tf.initialize_all_variables())
saver = tf.train.Saver(tf.all_variables())
last_epoch = load_model(sess, saver,'model/')
for epoch in range(last_epoch + 1,100):
sess.run(tf.assign(learning_rate, 0.002 * (0.97 ** epoch)))
#sess.run(tf.assign(learning_rate, 0.01))
all_loss = 0.0
for batche in range(n_chunk):
x,y = trainds.next_batch(batch_size)
train_loss, _ , _ = sess.run([cost, last_state, train_op], feed_dict={input_data: x, output_targets: y})
all_loss = all_loss + train_loss
if batche % 50 == 1:
#print(epoch, batche, 0.01,train_loss)
print(epoch, batche, 0.002 * (0.97 ** epoch),train_loss)
saver.save(sess, 'model/poetry.module', global_step=epoch)
print (epoch,' Loss: ', all_loss * 1.0 / n_chunk)
train_neural_network()
使用该代码会将训练好的模型参数保存在 “model” 文件夹下。经过 100 个 epoch 之后，平均 loss 会降到 2.6 左右。训练好的模型也已经放在了上面分享的百度云资源当中。
生成古诗
使用训练好的模型可以轻松生成各种古诗。
下面就是几个例子：
生成藏头诗
上代码：
#!/usr/bin/python3
#-*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import collections
import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
'''
This one will produce a poetry with heads.
'''
#-------------------------------数据预处理---------------------------#
poetry_file ='poetry.txt'
# 诗集
poetrys = []
with open(poetry_file, "r") as f:
for line in f:
try:
line = line.decode('UTF-8')
line = line.strip(u'\n')
title, content = line.strip(u' ').split(u':')
content = content.replace(u' ',u'')
if u'_' in content or u'(' in content or u'（' in content or u'《' in content or u'[' in content:
continue
if len(content) < 5 or len(content) > 79:
continue
content = u'[' + content + u']'
poetrys.append(content)
except Exception as e:
pass
# 按诗的字数排序
poetrys = sorted(poetrys,key=lambda line: len(line))
print('唐诗总数: ', len(poetrys))
# 统计每个字出现次数
all_words = []
for poetry in poetrys:
all_words += [word for word in poetry]
counter = collections.Counter(all_words)
count_pairs = sorted(counter.items(), key=lambda x: -x[1])
words, _ = zip(*count_pairs)
# 取前多少个常用字
words = words[:len(words)] + (' ',)
# 每个字映射为一个数字ID
word_num_map = dict(zip(words, range(len(words))))
# 把诗转换为向量形式，参考TensorFlow练习1
to_num = lambda word: word_num_map.get(word, len(words))
poetrys_vector = [ list(map(to_num, poetry)) for poetry in poetrys]
#[[314, 3199, 367, 1556, 26, 179, 680, 0, 3199, 41, 506, 40, 151, 4, 98, 1],
#[339, 3, 133, 31, 302, 653, 512, 0, 37, 148, 294, 25, 54, 833, 3, 1, 965, 1315, 377, 1700, 562, 21, 37, 0, 2, 1253, 21, 36, 264, 877, 809, 1]
#....]
# 每次取64首诗进行训练
batch_size = 1
n_chunk = len(poetrys_vector) // batch_size
class DataSet(object):
def __init__(self,data_size):
self._data_size = data_size
self._epochs_completed = 0
self._index_in_epoch = 0
self._data_index = np.arange(data_size)
def next_batch(self,batch_size):
start = self._index_in_epoch
if start + batch_size > self._data_size:
np.random.shuffle(self._data_index)
self._epochs_completed = self._epochs_completed + 1
self._index_in_epoch = batch_size
full_batch_features ,full_batch_labels = self.data_batch(0,batch_size)
return full_batch_features ,full_batch_labels
else:
self._index_in_epoch += batch_size
end = self._index_in_epoch
full_batch_features ,full_batch_labels = self.data_batch(start,end)
if self._index_in_epoch == self._data_size:
self._index_in_epoch = 0
self._epochs_completed = self._epochs_completed + 1
np.random.shuffle(self._data_index)
return full_batch_features,full_batch_labels
def data_batch(self,start,end):
batches = []
for i in range(start,end):
batches.append(poetrys_vector[self._data_index[i]])
length = max(map(len,batches))
xdata = np.full((end - start,length), word_num_map[' '], np.int32)
for row in range(end - start):
xdata[row,:len(batches[row])] = batches[row]
ydata = np.copy(xdata)
ydata[:,:-1] = xdata[:,1:]
return xdata,ydata
#---------------------------------------RNN--------------------------------------#
input_data = tf.placeholder(tf.int32, [batch_size, None])
output_targets = tf.placeholder(tf.int32, [batch_size, None])
# 定义RNN
def neural_network(model='lstm', rnn_size=128, num_layers=2):
if model == 'rnn':
cell_fun = tf.nn.rnn_cell.BasicRNNCell
elif model == 'gru':
cell_fun = tf.nn.rnn_cell.GRUCell
elif model == 'lstm':
cell_fun = tf.nn.rnn_cell.BasicLSTMCell
cell = cell_fun(rnn_size, state_is_tuple=True)
cell = tf.nn.rnn_cell.MultiRNNCell([cell] * num_layers, state_is_tuple=True)
initial_state = cell.zero_state(batch_size, tf.float32)
with tf.variable_scope('rnnlm'):
softmax_w = tf.get_variable("softmax_w", [rnn_size, len(words)])
softmax_b = tf.get_variable("softmax_b", [len(words)])
with tf.device("/cpu:0"):
embedding = tf.get_variable("embedding", [len(words), rnn_size])
inputs = tf.nn.embedding_lookup(embedding, input_data)
outputs, last_state = tf.nn.dynamic_rnn(cell, inputs, initial_state=initial_state, scope='rnnlm')
output = tf.reshape(outputs,[-1, rnn_size])
logits = tf.matmul(output, softmax_w) + softmax_b
probs = tf.nn.softmax(logits)
return logits, last_state, probs, cell, initial_state
#-------------------------------生成古诗---------------------------------#
# 使用训练完成的模型
def gen_head_poetry(heads, type):
if type != 5 and type != 7:
print 'The second para has to be 5 or 7!'
return
def to_word(weights):
t = np.cumsum(weights)
s = np.sum(weights)
sample = int(np.searchsorted(t, np.random.rand(1)*s))
return words[sample]
_, last_state, probs, cell, initial_state = neural_network()
Session_config = tf.ConfigProto(allow_soft_placement = True)
Session_config.gpu_options.allow_growth=True
with tf.Session(config=Session_config) as sess:
with tf.device('/gpu:1'):
sess.run(tf.initialize_all_variables())
saver = tf.train.Saver(tf.all_variables())
saver.restore(sess, 'model/poetry.module-99')
poem = ''
for head in heads:
flag = True
while flag:
state_ = sess.run(cell.zero_state(1, tf.float32))
x = np.array([list(map(word_num_map.get, u'['))])
[probs_, state_] = sess.run([probs, last_state], feed_dict={input_data: x, initial_state: state_})
sentence = head
x = np.zeros((1,1))
x[0,0] = word_num_map[sentence]
[probs_, state_] = sess.run([probs, last_state], feed_dict={input_data: x, initial_state: state_})
word = to_word(probs_)
sentence += word
while word != u'。':
x = np.zeros((1,1))
x[0,0] = word_num_map[word]
[probs_, state_] = sess.run([probs, last_state], feed_dict={input_data: x, initial_state: state_})
word = to_word(probs_)
sentence += word
if len(sentence) == 2 + 2 * type:
sentence += u'\n'
poem += sentence
flag = False
return poem
print(gen_head_poetry(u'天下之大',5))
最后从函数接口可以看到，除了可以自己定义诗的头外，还可以定义是五言绝句还是七言绝句。
来看几个五言绝句的例子：
再来看几个七言绝句的例子：
那么是不是可以用它来写情诗呢？
当然可以啦！
当然对机器学习不熟悉的朋友，如果对机器学习有兴趣，推荐以下两本书：
《机器学习实战》-> 《机器学习实战》点击查看
《TensorFlow 机器学习实战指南》 -> 《TensorFlow 机器学习实战指南》点击查看
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