使用 jdk9 运行报错：Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: javax.xml.bind.JAXBException

　　做了一段时间的 jdk８ 项目后，jdk９ 发布了，跟随时代的潮流，立马将 jdk 切换为 ９，然后。。。。。。
　　运行什么的都没有问题，在进行 mvn clean install 后，吧啦吧啦的一大堆 test error，单独运行一个子项目后发现，运行测试用例的时候程序抛异常了：

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext

at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:124)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:83)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:117)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:83)
at org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.SpringBootDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(SpringBootDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:44)
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:230)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:228)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:287)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:247)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:94)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:191)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'entityManagerFactory' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/orm/jpa/HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/xml/bind/JAXBException

at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1628)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:555)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:483)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:306)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:302)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:197)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.getBean(AbstractApplicationContext.java:1078)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:857)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:543)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:693)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:360)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:303)
at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader.loadContext(SpringBootContextLoader.java:120)
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:98)
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:116)
... 25 more

Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/xml/bind/JAXBException

at org.hibernate.boot.spi.XmlMappingBinderAccess.<init>(XmlMappingBinderAccess.java:43)
at org.hibernate.boot.MetadataSources.<init>(MetadataSources.java:87)
at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.<init>(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:179)
at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.<init>(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:149)
at org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.SpringHibernateJpaPersistenceProvider.createContainerEntityManagerFactory(SpringHibernateJpaPersistenceProvider.java:54)
at org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.createNativeEntityManagerFactory(LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:353)
at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.buildNativeEntityManagerFactory(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:370)
at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:359)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1687)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1624)
... 40 more

Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: javax.xml.bind.JAXBException

at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:582)
at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$AppClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoaders.java:185)
at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:496)
... 50 more

　　直接绕过百度、必应，在 ｇｏｏｇｌｅ 上一搜，情况立马知晓了。ｓｔａｃｋｏｖｅｒｆｌｏｗ 上面这么解释：

The JAXB APIs are considered to be Java EE APIs, and therefore are no longer contained on the default class path in Java SE 9.

Java 9 introduces the concepts of modules, and by default the java.se aggregate module is available on the class path (or rather, module path). As the name implies, the java.se aggregate module does not include the Java EE APIs that have been traditionally bundled with Java 6/7/8.

Fortunately, these Java EE APIs that were provided in JDK 6/7/8 are still in the JDK, but they just aren't on the class path by default. The extra Java EE APIs are provided in the following modules:

java.activation
java.corba
java.transaction
java.xml.bind  << This one contains the JAXB APIs
java.xml.ws
java.xml.ws.annotation

Quick Solution:
To make the JAXB APIs available at runtime, specify the following command-line option:
--add-modules java.xml.bind

But I still need this to work with Java 8!!!
If you try specifying --add-modules with an older JDK, it will blow up becuase it's an unrecognized option. I suggest one of two options:

1. You can conditionally apply the argument in a launch script (if you have one) by inspecting the JDK version by inspecting $JAVA_HOME/release for the JAVA_VERSION property.

2. You can add the -XX:+IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions to make the JVM silently ignore unrecongized options, instead of blowing up. But beware! Any other command line args you use will no longer be validated for you by the JVM. This option works with Oracle/OpenJDK as well as IBM JDK (as of JDK 8sr4)

   怎么样？看出来什么了么？简单来说，就是 ｊｄｋ９ 的模块化功能造成的，java.xml.bind 其实是属于 ｊａｖａ　ｅｅ 的模块，在 ｊｄｋ６／７／８ 版本中都方在了默认的 ｐａｔｈ 下面，但是到了 ｊｄｋ９，就把这些模块
   都移出来了，就是没有放在默认的 ｐａｔｈ 下面，如果想要使用，那么你需要在运行时加上 ｏｐｔｉｏｎｓ，命令 --add-modules java.xml.bind。
   那么坑又来了，我一开始的时候以为是需要通过命令 java --add-modules java.xml.bind 去添加模块，ｊａｖａ 命令中也有这个命令，但就是提示命令可能有误，一直没反应。然后就去把 ｇｏｏｇｌｅ 各种翻，最终，结果找到了：

Test Failure
The next step sees the failure of unit tests to fail with `mvn test`.

The cause is the same, but it’s a bit harder to find. It requires checking the Surefire reports. Some contain exceptions with the following line:

Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: javax.xml.bind.JAXBException

Again, test code cannot access the module. This time, however, the _maven-surefire-plugin_ needs to be configured:

<plugin>

<artifactId>maven-surefire-pluginartifactId>

<version>2.20.1version>

<configuration>

<argLine>--add-modules java.xml.bindargLine>

configuration>

plugin>

ok,在 ｐｏｍ 文件里面的插件配置里面加上这句话，加一个配置就搞定了。另外，在这个网站中也说明了，在编译、mvn　spring-boot:run、打包时出现这类异常该怎么解决，网址
https://dzone.com/articles/migrating-a-spring-boot-application-to-java-9-comp(可能需要翻墙)