相信各位在公司写API文档数量应该不少,当然如果你还处在自己一个人开发前后台的年代,当我没说,如今为了前后台更好的对接,还是为了以后交接方便,都有要求写API文档。
手写Api文档的几个痛点:
- 文档需要更新的时候,需要再次发送一份给前端,也就是文档更新交流不及时。
- 接口返回结果不明确
- 不能直接在线测试接口,通常需要使用工具,比如postman
- 接口文档太多,不好管理
Swagger也就是为了解决这个问题,当然也不能说Swagger就一定是完美的,当然也有缺点,最明显的就是代码移入性比较强。
其他的不多说,想要了解Swagger的,可以去Swagger官网,可以直接使用Swagger editor编写接口文档,当然我们这里讲解的是SpringBoot整合Swagger2,直接生成接口文档的方式。
一、依赖
- <dependency>
- <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
- <artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>
- <version>2.6.1</version>
- </dependency>
-
- <dependency>
- <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
- <artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId>
- <version>2.6.1</version>
- </dependency>
二、Swagger配置类
其实这个配置类,只要了解具体能配置哪些东西就好了,毕竟这个东西配置一次之后就不用再动了。 特别要注意的是里面配置了api文件也就是controller包的路径,不然生成的文档扫描不到接口。
- package cn.saytime;
-
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
- import springfox.documentation.builders.ApiInfoBuilder;
- import springfox.documentation.builders.PathSelectors;
- import springfox.documentation.builders.RequestHandlerSelectors;
- import springfox.documentation.service.ApiInfo;
- import springfox.documentation.spi.DocumentationType;
- import springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.Docket;
-
- /**
- * @author zh
- * @ClassName cn.saytime.Swgger2
- * @Description
- * @date 2017-07-10 22:12:31
- */
- @Configuration
- public class Swagger2 {
-
- @Bean
- public Docket createRestApi() {
- return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2)
- .apiInfo(apiInfo())
- .select()
- .apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.basePackage("cn.saytime.web"))
- .paths(PathSelectors.any())
- .build();
- }
-
- private ApiInfo apiInfo() {
- return new ApiInfoBuilder()
- .title("springboot利用swagger构建api文档")
- .description("简单优雅的restfun风格,http://blog.csdn.net/saytime")
- .termsOfServiceUrl("http://blog.csdn.net/saytime")
- .version("1.0")
- .build();
- }
- }
用@Configuration注解该类,等价于XML中配置beans;用@Bean标注方法等价于XML中配置bean。
Application.class 加上注解@EnableSwagger2 表示开启Swagger
- package cn.saytime;
-
- import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
- import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
- import springfox.documentation.swagger2.annotations.EnableSwagger2;
-
- @SpringBootApplication
- @EnableSwagger2
- public class SpringbootSwagger2Application {
-
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- SpringApplication.run(SpringbootSwagger2Application.class, args);
- }
- }
三、Restful 接口
- package cn.saytime.web;
-
- import cn.saytime.bean.JsonResult;
- import cn.saytime.bean.User;
- import io.swagger.annotations.Api;
- import io.swagger.annotations.ApiImplicitParam;
- import io.swagger.annotations.ApiImplicitParams;
- import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation;
- import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
- import springfox.documentation.annotations.ApiIgnore;
-
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.Collections;
- import java.util.HashMap;
- import java.util.List;
- import java.util.Map;
-
- /**
- * @author zh
- * @ClassName cn.saytime.web.UserController
- * @Description
- */
- @RestController
- public class UserController {
-
- // 创建线程安全的Map
- static Map<Integer, User> users = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<Integer, User>());
-
- /**
- * 根据ID查询用户
- * @param id
- * @return
- */
- @ApiOperation(value="获取用户详细信息", notes="根据url的id来获取用户详细信息")
- @ApiImplicitParam(name = "id", value = "用户ID", required = true, dataType = "Integer", paramType = "path")
- @RequestMapping(value = "user/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
- public ResponseEntity<JsonResult> getUserById (@PathVariable(value = "id") Integer id){
- JsonResult r = new JsonResult();
- try {
- User user = users.get(id);
- r.setResult(user);
- r.setStatus("ok");
- } catch (Exception e) {
- r.setResult(e.getClass().getName() + ":" + e.getMessage());
- r.setStatus("error");
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return ResponseEntity.ok(r);
- }
-
- /**
- * 查询用户列表
- * @return
- */
- @ApiOperation(value="获取用户列表", notes="获取用户列表")
- @RequestMapping(value = "users", method = RequestMethod.GET)
- public ResponseEntity<JsonResult> getUserList (){
- JsonResult r = new JsonResult();
- try {
- List<User> userList = new ArrayList<User>(users.values());
- r.setResult(userList);
- r.setStatus("ok");
- } catch (Exception e) {
- r.setResult(e.getClass().getName() + ":" + e.getMessage());
- r.setStatus("error");
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return ResponseEntity.ok(r);
- }
-
- /**
- * 添加用户
- * @param user
- * @return
- */
- @ApiOperation(value="创建用户", notes="根据User对象创建用户")
- @ApiImplicitParam(name = "user", value = "用户详细实体user", required = true, dataType = "User")
- @RequestMapping(value = "user", method = RequestMethod.POST)
- public ResponseEntity<JsonResult> add (@RequestBody User user){
- JsonResult r = new JsonResult();
- try {
- users.put(user.getId(), user);
- r.setResult(user.getId());
- r.setStatus("ok");
- } catch (Exception e) {
- r.setResult(e.getClass().getName() + ":" + e.getMessage());
- r.setStatus("error");
-
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return ResponseEntity.ok(r);
- }
-
- /**
- * 根据id删除用户
- * @param id
- * @return
- */
- @ApiOperation(value="删除用户", notes="根据url的id来指定删除用户")
- @ApiImplicitParam(name = "id", value = "用户ID", required = true, dataType = "Long", paramType = "path")
- @RequestMapping(value = "user/{id}", method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
- public ResponseEntity<JsonResult> delete (@PathVariable(value = "id") Integer id){
- JsonResult r = new JsonResult();
- try {
- users.remove(id);
- r.setResult(id);
- r.setStatus("ok");
- } catch (Exception e) {
- r.setResult(e.getClass().getName() + ":" + e.getMessage());
- r.setStatus("error");
-
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return ResponseEntity.ok(r);
- }
-
- /**
- * 根据id修改用户信息
- * @param user
- * @return
- */
- @ApiOperation(value="更新信息", notes="根据url的id来指定更新用户信息")
- @ApiImplicitParams({
- @ApiImplicitParam(name = "id", value = "用户ID", required = true, dataType = "Long",paramType = "path"),
- @ApiImplicitParam(name = "user", value = "用户实体user", required = true, dataType = "User")
- })
- @RequestMapping(value = "user/{id}", method = RequestMethod.PUT)
- public ResponseEntity<JsonResult> update (@PathVariable("id") Integer id, @RequestBody User user){
- JsonResult r = new JsonResult();
- try {
- User u = users.get(id);
- u.setUsername(user.getUsername());
- u.setAge(user.getAge());
- users.put(id, u);
- r.setResult(u);
- r.setStatus("ok");
- } catch (Exception e) {
- r.setResult(e.getClass().getName() + ":" + e.getMessage());
- r.setStatus("error");
-
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return ResponseEntity.ok(r);
- }
-
- @ApiIgnore//使用该注解忽略这个API
- @RequestMapping(value = "/hi", method = RequestMethod.GET)
- public String jsonTest() {
- return " hi you!";
- }
- }
Json格式输出类 JsonResult.class
- package cn.saytime.bean;
-
- public class JsonResult {
-
- private String status = null;
-
- private Object result = null;
-
- // Getter Setter
- }
实体User.class
- package cn.saytime.bean;
-
- import java.util.Date;
-
- /**
- * @author zh
- * @ClassName cn.saytime.bean.User
- * @Description
- */
- public class User {
-
- private int id;
- private String username;
- private int age;
- private Date ctm;
-
- // Getter Setter
- }
项目结构:
四、Swagger2文档
启动SpringBoot项目,访问 http://localhost:8080/swagger-ui.html
具体里面的内容以及接口测试,应该一看就懂了。这里就不一一截图了。
五、将swagger-ui.html设为首页
1.static目录下新增index.html文件
2.将index页面设置跳转至swagger-ui.html页
-
- <script>
- window.location.href="swagger-ui.html"
- </script>
六、Swagger注解
swagger通过注解表明该接口会生成文档,包括接口名、请求方法、参数、返回信息的等等。
- @Api:修饰整个类,描述Controller的作用
- @ApiOperation:描述一个类的一个方法,或者说一个接口
- @ApiParam:单个参数描述
- @ApiModel:用对象来接收参数
- @ApiProperty:用对象接收参数时,描述对象的一个字段
- @ApiResponse:HTTP响应其中1个描述
- @ApiResponses:HTTP响应整体描述
- @ApiIgnore:使用该注解忽略这个API
- @ApiError :发生错误返回的信息
- @ApiImplicitParam:一个请求参数
- @ApiImplicitParams:多个请求参数
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